Analysis Of Self In 1958 By Anne Sexton - 1647 Words

Throughout all the years of her poetry, Anne Sexton continues to make powerful connections. All things considered, Sexton was talented in using symbolism in her poems. Her analyzed poem â€Å"Self in 1958† allows people to view the multiple symbolic pieces in her work. Examples varying from a dollhouse to a plaster doll itself. Yet, when she uses these interesting pieces of symbolism, it turns out to be a much deeper concept than once thought. The doll in this poem, in turn becomes an extremely large symbolic piece that not only reflects Sexton, but her own personal views in life. In her poem â€Å"Self in 1958†, Anne Sexton uses symbolism to express the theme of female oppression in the 1950s. During the 1950s, women were forced to comply with†¦show more content†¦As the poem progresses, Sexton’s further allocates different experiences into the constant theme of oppression in her life. As seen throughout her multiples pieces, Sexton is constantly searc hing for her sense of being. Attempting to fill the void that is her individuality. Therefore, the poem â€Å"Self in 1958† displays Sexton’s search for both herself and the meaning of ‘beyond’ (Petty). Throughout the conforming world surrounding her, Sexton is constantly searching for herself, attempting to feel better about herself in an oppressed world. Trying to stray away from the feeling of an inanimate doll who is toyed around with, Sexton refuses to succumb to such low levels of individualism. This thought further led her into becoming an extremely honest poet, talking about multiple serious topics ranging from mental illness, suicide, and the perspectives of womanhood (Petty). Sexton’s ability to do this provides the reader with her raw materials, thoughts and perspectives. Sexton began this journey through her therapist. She was told to let out her thoughts in the form of poetry. Therefore, this mind set of looking deeper into herself was created. The more she advanced with her writing styles the more she was able to slyly give her input of the world surrounding her from a female perspective. Because of this female perspective, critics were able to note that Sexton was capable of venturing throughoutShow MoreRelatedMutilating Self Into Spirit: Sylvia Plaths Poems.4131 Words   |  17 PagesSylvia Plath’s poems: Translation of the self into spirit, after an ordeal of mutilation. Introduction of the poems and the essay: * â€Å"Daddy† Sylvia Plath uses her poem, â€Å"Daddy†, to express intense emotions towards her father’s life and death and her disastrous relationship with her husband. The speaker in this poem is Sylvia Plath who has lost her father at age ten, at a time when she still adored him unconditionally. Then she gradually realizes the oppressing dominance of her father, and

Probation And Punishment Essay examples - 692 Words

Probation and Punishment In review of Kris’ file, I learned that Kris had been in trouble in the past, as a juvenile, Kris was arrested both for battery and trespassing and now as an adult Kris has been arrested for theft. Kris, now a married adult is looking to â€Å"start over and have a life outside of crime. In review of Kris’ probation paperwork, I do agree with Robert’s decision for thoughts for the most part. I agree with Robert in the fact that Kris needs an intensive probation program in order to keep him in line and make sure that he is following the rules of the program. Also, I agree with Robert’s view point that since Kris is now a married man and wants a life on the straight and arrow, he likely will not commit another†¦show more content†¦A person that has these responsibilities, likely will not commit another crime because they want to change for their loved ones. Defend or critique the strategy of matching the inmate to the correctional facility as a response to the legal concept of cruel and unusual punishment. Provide a rationale for your position with concrete examples. For the most part, I do agree with how inmates are matched to their correctional facility. There is a level for everything, which makes sense. Having a white collar criminal in a prison with murders makes no sense at all. White collar criminals could easily be forced into participating into bad activities, just because they are worried about their safety. It makes sense to keep certain levels of criminals together in I do believe that a lot of programs that are offered are worth the tax payer’s money; extra officers are definitely necessary, especially in high security prisons for everyone’s safety. Also, programs such as counseling and therapy for the inmates is also worth tax payers money; these programs allow inmates, that might have the chance of being release and on the streets again, to work on themselves and in turn become better people before they are free to roam. I also think programs such as building gardens for inmates is worth the money too. Learning how to do such things can allow to inmates to pick up a trade, someone they might have never know they were anyShow MoreRelatedProbation and Punishment Final Essay1145 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Probation and Punishment Xavian Deniz Introduction to Criminal Justice Prof. Robert Hammes Law and order are two words that keep our society from collapsing on its self. We the American people have our freedom to do what ever we want; we can purse any career, go down to your favorite restaurant and order whatever you want. We have these freedoms because people fought for them many years ago, so that we wouldn’t be under rule or dictatorship. Many people take our freedom for grantedRead MoreProbation and Punishment Essay674 Words   |  3 PagesIs Kris able to come back to society after probation? Kris Young is 25 years old, and got into some trouble at age 13and received probation for a case involving battery. While Kris was on probation he was arrested for criminal trespass and he had received additional probation time. Some of my results from the file review did not match Roberts. Two views in which Robert and I had the same were giving Kris and extension for probation period beyond the original two years. Because Kris fail to pay hisRead MoreThe Punishment Mechanisms Of Probation And Parole Essay1844 Words   |  8 PagesThe punishment mechanisms of probation and parole developed from different social circumstances, which were driven by the need for alternative means to imprisonment. The creation of the mechanisms for probation can be linked to the moral panic caused by the excess consumption of alcohol and the increased amount of alcohol-related offences. In contrast, the development of parole was the result of the systems at the time, failing to deliver the expected res ults. This essay will outline the differentRead MoreThe Punishment of Probation- A Proposed Solution to the Prison Overcrowding Problem in England885 Words   |  4 Pagesbecomes more of a problem in today’s society the government are coming up with new punishments which will help to reduce the overcrowding within the prisons. One of these new punishments is probation, this is a sentence which is been imposed by court and given to the offender either after the offender has served their sentence in prison or not at all. Within this essay, the focus will be to explain if the probation service is either soft or a hard option whilst covering three concepts to see whatRead MoreEssay about Crj 100 Week 10 Assignment 3 Probation and Punishment746 Words   |  3 PagesCRJ 100 Week 10 Assignment 3 Probation and Punishment Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/crj-100-week-10-assignment-3-probation-and-punishment/ Or Visit www.hwcampus.com ssignment 3: Probation and Punishment In preparation for this assignment, please complete all required readings and activities in Weeks 8 through 10 in Unit 3: Corrections.WRITE MINUMUM 4 SENTENCES FOR EACH PARAPGRAPH. PROVIDE ORGINAL WORK. WRITE THEM ON YOUR OWN WORDS. GONNA USE TURNITIN TO CHECKRead MoreDefinitions Of Probation And Probation Essay956 Words   |  4 PagesClassifications of Probation According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, at year end of 2012, more than 4.7 million adults were under some form of community probation in the United States (Bonczar and Maruschak, bjs.gov). With so many adults on probation, one could only ask how they all are supervised. With the criminal justice system already bursting at the seams with offenders, its main objective is to keep offenders out of this already exhausted system. Probation, also called intermediateRead MoreAccredited programme requirements were created from the Criminal Justice Act 2003 but in order to1300 Words   |  6 PagesJustice Act 2003 but in order to understand how this came to be it is significant that the history and political context of the probation service is understood. The Probation of Offenders Act was established in 1907 and under this act the release if offenders into the community under the control of probation officers were made official. The primary aim of the probation was made clear under this act which was to advise, assist and befriend and it continued that way until 1970’s. During this periodRead MoreThe Issue Of Criminal Law1495 Words   |  6 Pagesdetails and the reason that why we need to have some criminal law or laws and why there are so many different laws for different kind of criminals? Probation: Probation is chance to live in your own community by obeying some rules we will discuss what is the history of probation and what kind of importance does it have for society The job for probation and parole officers: It describes what kind of job do these officers have and what rules and responsibilities they have to follow. Criminal Law:Read MoreThe Incarceration Of The Correctional System1193 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many options a judge might choose as punishment or rehabilitation for an offender other than having the offender complete his or her whole sentence in jail or be sent to jail or prison all together. Some options the judge might decide to use are parole, probation, community correction, and many other forms of sentencing him or her might hand down to an offender. There is always a better solution to the current methods of parole process, probation system, and the community corrections optionsRead MoreThe Importance Of Probation And An Offender From Detention Based Upon Good Behavior1603 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The idea of probation refers to the release of an offender from detention based upon good behavior. Probation, itself, is the process in which offenders are monitored by officers in an attempt to correct their behavior and prevent further offenses. This process, however, is centered on the idea of changing cognitive processing toward crime, to implement operant conditioning and to manipulate social learning, all of this relating to a psychological lens. Using these separate techniques

Aims of Higher Education Free Essays

Students may have divergent aims while receiving higher education. They may chime with expectations of policymakers, employers, the faculty, society, or they may concern some other personal needs of students. All in all, the main purposes of getting higher education are getting a desirable position, developing personal skills, respect in society and preparation for future life. We will write a custom essay sample on Aims of Higher Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now The major aim of higher education is getting a good job because it is necessary for a good position and high salary. Nowadays presence of a diploma is a ticket to a good job. During the whole life a person is told by his or her teachers that without higher education it is very hard to get fixed up in a good job. From this follows another aspect – high salary. According to Russian Centre of Society’s opinion poll, 76% of recipients claim that without higher education it is almost impossible to get a well-paid job. These examples show that higher education is significant for employers to offer one a desirable and well-paid position. Secondly, studying in a university is a challenging, life-enhancing experience for two reasons: students gain substantive knowledge and develop personal skills. Graduation from university supposes that students will have a common level of knowledge and information literacy. As my Mathematics teacher said, that every piece of knowledge we get will come I hand. Developing personal skills is also important. Tatyana Nikishina, university teacher believes, that socialization is an essential part of educational process, and it develops a lot of other skills, which will be helpful in future. The evidence suggests that higher education will help to improve one’s knowledge within a particular field and individual skills as well. Moreover, getting higher education is essential nowadays, as without it one will not be respected and with it one can assume leadership roles in community. Today more people within the society have higher education and it really hard to be treated with respect without one. My mother says that now people would communicate only with those who have a diploma, although its presence does not mean that a person is intelligent. It is not a secret that people with higher education are more likely to assume leadership roles. From my own experience  I can say, that higher education plays a great role in forming a company of friends, collegues. In brief, it is quite obvious that today people with higher education gain more respect within society and are able to take leading roles. Furthermore, studying in a university will prepare students for future life: they will have career-related courses and will be able to use their knowledge in everyday life. Students are supposed to enter those universities that will help them in their future career. A. Shebistova, Curtin University teacher claims that with choosing a faculty, a student studies within a particular field of knowledge, and this theory would definitely help in practice. To sum up, getting higher education is needed to get ready for future career and knowledge received will be useful in common life. To conclude, the major aims of higher education are getting a good job, improving personal skills, being an authority among community and getting ready for further life. But still, some people suppose that one can be successful even without higher education and it is just waste of time. It is up to everyone to decide whether he or she needs higher education or not. How to cite Aims of Higher Education, Papers

Asian Family Essay Example For Students

Asian Family Essay Being the biggest continent in the world, Asia contains about 60% of the worlds population and growing each year. Though China, and India are two of the most populated countries in the world, having about 30% of the worlds population, there are about two-fifths of the countries that have less than five million habitants. Though forty-two different countries make up this great continent, much of the similarities are family values. Customs and traditions might be different, however, western ideas and influences have wiped out many of those customs and created new ones in most of the countries in Asia. Even in comparison from country to country, the new ways and ideas are similar. The basic Asian family would be the same as in any family in comparison to the rest of the world. Patriarchy families are more popular amongst many Asian families. It is believed that the man is in charge of the house in most if not all the countries in Asia. However, there is some form of equality between men and women in Asia. Some countries have more equal rights than others. Some countries such as the Middle East countries give very minimal rights to women. Even a great country like the United States doesnt have full equality between men and women. Because of urbanization, western ideas and influences are reaching the average Asians. Asians are moving into cities with phenomenal speed. In an article by Michael Sivy of Time International Magazine, Malaysias Finance Minister Anwar Ibrahim states, Today, half of all Malaysians live in cities. Sivy adds, the result is an irreversible change in the family structure that has prevailed in Asia for thousands of years. The urbanization of these families helped to promote further growth in all aspects. It has converted the extended family into a nuclear one, says Richard Robison, director of the Asia Research Center at Murdoch University in Perth, Australia. Because of this new change, people are relying less on the family, which in turn is cr eating new relationships between old and young and women and men. The change has promoted a lot of social change and economic change in many of these countries, such as Malaysia. By urbanization, many of these people are being influenced by the modernization and western technological advancements. These influences include democracy, education, communication, economical developments, medical advancements, employment, and individualism. Though individualism is present, family values are treasured. Unity is preserved and family name is heavily cherished. Asians strongly believe that problems must be kept within the family, and that problems are a blemish upon the family name as quoted by Lien Roberts, a Vietnamese mother. Immigration is also very popular amongst Asians. Many immigrate to democratic places such as the United States, Great Britain, and Canada. Many believe before they emigrate, that their new land will be much better than the one they currently occupy. Just in the Greate r Toronto Area, there are about 380,000 Chinese-Canadians as reported by Tony Wong from The Toronto Star. As reported by Mr. Wong, China is the major source of immigration to Canada. However, China isnt the only place where immigration comes from. Place such as Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, and even India, Mauritius, and Jamaica also has emigrants to Canada. Three point four percent of the entire population of the United States is Asian and each year, that number is getting greater and greater. Because the United States gives them a better opportunity for growth, much if the Asias immigration goes here. After battling racism for about a century, the Asian population in the United States is the fastest growing ethnic group in the country. Today, Asian Americans are the fastest-growing U.S. minority, increasing at fifteen times the rate of non-Hispanic whites, and doubling in just the past ten years. The growth is phenomenal. Sociologist James M. Henslin states that most of the populat ion is concentrated in major cities such as, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and New York City. However, even though they are in a distant land, they often preserve their customs and traditions while also taking on things from the American Culture. In an article written by Julie Zhou, a Chinese immigrant who is currently a student explains that she is determined for herself that she would fit into American society while still displaying the positive influences of her culture. Things such as clothes, music and shopping didnt interest her as she explains in this article. Most importantly, she values the understanding of her parents that told her it was okay to be like that. Chinese culture recognizes that personal achievements outside the classroom is pursuits such as academic activities and community service lead to a well-balanced life. Qualities such as honesty and good judgment contribute to a peaceful life. Important aspects such as social involvement and willingness to make sacrific es contribute greatly to success. Balance, peace and success are the very foundation stones on which we lay our culture, is what Miss Zhou believes in. Many Chinese people if not all, also believe in this philosophy. The opportunity that lies in the United States is so much greater than that of countries such as China. With Communism in China and a recession in Japan, immigration one way Asians can escape and come to a place such as the United States to expand. In an article written by Karen Ma in Time International Magazine, she tells a story of an immigrant of Hong Kong named Eric Tsang that came to the United States seven years ago, with nothing but $3,000 in his savings account and a sister here that gave him a place to live. He worked as a busboy in a New York City Chinatown restauranteleven hours a day, six days a week, and cleared plates, emptying the garbage and scrubbing toilets. However, today, he not only owns part pf that restaurant, but is planning a second. He and his wifeown their home and are already preparing their two young childrenfor college. By working hard and saving, Eric became very successful. The American dream became reality for this immigrant. Most immigrants from Asia tend to show similar characteristics as Eric. They all work hard, and conserve their money, hoping one day to own a house and run a business, giving them extra money to send their children to college and helping them live an easier life than themselves. In an interview with my father Kwok Kwong Lee, he explains the similarities between him and Eric. He first talks about his childhood in China. He didnt have much food to eat, and never had a full meal when he was a kid. In order to have a better life, him and several of his friends got together and decided to smuggle into Hong Kong, then a British Colony. They practiced everyday for months. The swim he tells me was 7 hours long. It was really tiring after 6th hour, but we saw how close we were and was determined to get to land, he explains. After a year in Hong Kong, he immigrated to the United States in 1973. His aunt and uncle lived here, so he lived with them. He worked in his uncles restaurant until the restaurant closed down. He made $600 a month, but since he didnt really have any expenses, he just saved it up. He went back to Hong Kong to marry my mother and filed an application for her immigration to the United States. He had a partnership in a restaurant for several years before selling his share of the company. After that, he worked at the Silver Palace restaurant in Chinatown for a couple of years. My father bought the house were living in now in 1987, but decided to rent it out to have it bring in more money. This was a 3-family house in Sheepshead Bay, so the price was high. However, this was a great neighborhood and my parents didnt want my sister and I to grow up in Chinatown, so he bought it for $325,000. About 8 years ago, my father opened up a fish market in Chinatown. He works from 4 A.M. to 7 P.M., 6 days a week. However, he doesnt complain at all. Two years ago, he bought a brand new Nissan Maxima. My father worked very hard through all these years in the United States, but he never complained. He wanted to make sure that his family didnt have to suffer what he suffered when he was in China. He made sure we had a place to live in, clothes to wear, and food to eat. This is the same in all Chinese families. Most immigrants suffered too much in their own countries, not only China. No matter how hard they work here, it is still easier than working in their own country. Asians own many stores and delis today. Many Koreans own grocery stores and delis. Another group of Asians that own grocery stores are Arabs. Not just only grocery stores and delis, but many newsstands as well. Chinese people also own many grocery stores, and many take out restaurants. In any neighborhood in New York City, one will always find at least one store owned by Asians. Asian America ns, the fastest-growing ethnic group in the U.S., are an industrious, highly educated and successful immigrant community. Their members become brilliant engineers, capable physicians, and instinctive entrepreneurs. Moreover, they rarely depend on public welfare because of the strength of their Confucian ethic is stereotype that is accepted widely. However, in a report made by the Asian American Studies Center, part of the University of California, Los Angeles, shows a startling gap between rich and poor members of the Asian-American community. It also shows that the Southeast Asians are at the bottom of the economic ladder, and that 30% of all Southeast Asian familiesare on welfare the highest rate of any ethnic group. It clearly shows that Asian Americans are not all powerful and do experience problems as any other group does, proving the stereotype to be false. The reports also show that: In 1989, nearly 15% of Southeast Asian Americans lived below the poverty line of $12,674, a r ate 1 times greater than that for whites. For every Asian household with an annual income of $75,000, there is another with an income below $10,000. Even though this is the case, Asian Americans still occupy only a tiny portion of the welfare rolls. They make up just 2% of the 13.6 million who receive the governments Aid to Families with Dependent Children. However, they do somewhat live up to the idea because: immigrants from China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, the Philippines, and South Korea make up 11% of all physicians and 7% of all scientists and engineers in the U.S., though they account for less than 3% of the population. They help raise the median family income for all Asian Americans to $35,000, the highest of any groupToday, there are 7.2 million Asian Americans enjoying widely differing amounts of success. By the year 2020, the number will be 20 million, and the differences and distinctions will be all the greater. Education and other family values are expressed and taught in many Asian cultures, especially within the United States. As Eric is planning to send his young children to college, many Asian parents work hard so they can send their children to college. The result is the booming of professionals within the country from just one ethnic group. Finding a better life for their children is a common desire among immigrants. Only 3% of the population will get into a university in China: a tinier fraction will be admitted to elite universities, therefore, many immigrate to the United States to give their children a chance to attend college studies. Amongst other values taught at home, family unity and respect is another virtue that is important. Asian Americans overall have the lowest divorce rate (3%) and the lowest teenage pregnancy (6%) of any group. They are taught to always work out their differences for divorce is a disgrace to the family name. My father tells me that when he went to school in China, you needed three elements to be considered a good s tudent: high grades, physically athletic, and show high respect to everyone. He continues to explain that if a student was missing one of those qualities, then that student wasnt considered a good student. Trust, love and respect for our family and our elders; integrity, honesty, and loyalty to all; commitment to education; a belief in order and stability; a preference for consultation rather than confrontation; a preference for obligation rather than individual rights are some of the things listed by Tung Chee-hwa, a chief executive in a Hong Kong corporation as that he considers Asian values. He then talks about what he felt were North American values. He described them as freedom of expression; personal freedom; self-reliance; individual rights; hard work; personal achievement; thinking for ones self. Another thing taught at home is money and how to manage it. Dr. Chen Chin-kuai states that: Money is the third most important thing in life. The first is health and the second is ha ppiness. If you dont have those, what good is money? which is believed to be true by many Asians. Michael Sivy then describes what is considered a successful Asian is like of Dr. Chens generation. The majority are in business or have professional jobs. Most own a car, a computer, a CD player and an expensive watch. Among the things they like to buy are fountain pens, fine leather goods and imported beer and wine More than half see movies regularly and many go to the theatre and concerts. However, their top priorities are buying a comfortable home, being able to afford a first rate education for their children and ensuring a prosperous old age. Thats the idea of most Asians today. The Chens expect no pensions when they retire. They figure they will have to rely on their own savings. Their way of making money would be to work hard, save half and put the rest in the stock market as described by Sivy. Many Asians learn to save money very well. It is not surprising that Asia may have the highest savings rates in the world upwards of 15% of household income. But young people everywhere have to work extra hard to put aside money beyond what they need for current living expenses. Sakchye and Kissinee Laohavirojana, both 39 of Bangkok, met in high school and married in 1982. But even before their wedding, they were planning. They decided to save for their own house first and after that, if they had children, they would set up another plan for them. While some Asians work hard and save half their money while investing the other half in the stock market, others build their wealth by investing through family businesses. Many Asians do not believe in the stock market. They would rather take a risk by investing in their own businesses than put money into the stock markets reasoned Denis Hooi of Kuala Lumpur, a business owner. He and his wife both have their own firms and share an office space with a staff of three described Sivy. They bought an office for their businesses, which cost them about $72,000already, the value of their new office has appreciated about 30% to more than $92,000. However, some choose to invest in foreign-currency investing like Thomas Lin and wife Carol from Hong Kong. They both struggle hard to save and plan on owning their own business in the future. He also wants to have enough money to start his own family as Sivy describes. With such ambitious goals, the Lins have to try and squeeze every last bit of return out of the money they save. But they are also cautious. Their solution: to put money into foreign currency accounts. They felt that the Hong Kong dollar rate was low, so they though why not save in foreign currencies? explains Thomas. Even though most of these values are good values taught in families, there are some that arent so good. Not all customs are traditions are accepted by the new generation. In an article written by Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, she describes the tragic story of Rhena. Her Pakistanian parents Sekina Khan and Mohammed Bashir were jailed trying to kidnap her to Pakistan. Even though they immigrated to Great Britain, they still believed in the traditional ways of arranged marriage. When they found out that she was not willing to go with them, they spiked her drinkand attempted to smuggle her away to Pakistan. Over two hundred cases of British girls are kidnapped and taken over to India, Pakistan or Bangladesh states Brown. They are forced to marry those they do not want to marry. Some of these girls often protest. Some so extreme that one victim reportedly cut her arms to shreds in protest against a marriage in Bangladesh. Brown argues that Sekina and Mohammed love their children. She argues that they believed that the children would appreciate this and not be seduced by the ways of the West and that they would all carry on happy ever after as it they had never left that spot in the sub-continent which is still home in their hearts. Some values like the one mentioned before arent changed. It probably wont change for a long time. Another value that doesnt change is religion. While technology and science has greatly weakened the in-depth belief in religion, religion is still remains strong in the basic Asian family. Even though there are only 42 countries in Asia, there are hundreds of different kinds of religions located on this continent. However, 3 main religions remain to be the largest in Asia: Hinduism, which is basically located in India; Islam, which is located in the Middle East countries; Buddhism, which is located in most of China, Japan, some of South Korea (Christianity takes up the other major religion in South Korea), all of the Southeast countries (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand). Western influences such as science, technology, and investments are some of the things that Asians have encountered that changed their lives. Instead of being stuck on traditional values and customs, many have taken a step forward and modernized and given thems elves and their family a chance for growth. The idea of immigrating to a better place such as the United States and Canada has changed the world, especially Asia. Growth, prosperity, and for the welfare of the next generation has made millions of Asians leave their homeland to come here. However, not all their values are lost. Family unity, respect, honor, education, money, and pursuit of happiness are preserved in many of the Asian families. Combined with the western ideas and influences, Asian Americans have prospered into the fastest growing successful ethnic group in the country. This is all thanks to those that have left their country and sacrificed for their children. Working harder than slaves with lowest possible wages to make sure their children wont have to go through what they have. To Kill a Mockingbird Essay BibliographyBibliography. Brown, Yasmin Alibhai; A hard lesson for the Asian community to learn., Independent; June 8, 1998 pp13 Cao Lan, and Novas Himilce; Everything You Need To Know About Asian American History; Penguin Group; USA; 1996 Henslin, James M.; Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach; 4th Edition; Allyn and Bacon; Massachusetts; 1999 Housewright, Ed; A Shoulder to Lean On: Mothers outreach helps areas Asian families deal with mental retardation., The Dallas Morning News, Feburary 15th, 1999, pp 23A Lee, Raymond; Interview with Father, Kwok Kwong Lee; November 10, 1999 Ma, Karen; Time Money on Familys Finances: A Family Tree Gorws in Brooklyn: An Ambitious Young Restaurateur Heads a Hong Kong Family, 30 Strong, That is Replanting Itself in New York City Soil.., Time International, December 1, 1997; pp 20+ Mirsky, Jonathan; Asian values, a fabulous notion.. Vol. 127, New Statesman (1996), April 3, 1998; pp 26(2) Rudolph, Barbara; Reported by Blackman, Ann; Immigrants: The Ste reotype is Accepted Almost without a question: Asian.; Time International; May 30, 1994, pp 31 Sivy, Michael; with reporting by Daneels; Jenny; Goplan, Nisha; Shapiro, Don; Cover Story: How To Get The Good Life For Young Asians Are Taking Control of Their Financial Lives Like Never Before. Time; 1997 Wong, Tony; Chinese family knew it wouldnt be easy; The Toronto Star, May 11, 1999 Zhou, Julie; For the Journal-Constitution, Enjoying the best of two cultures.; The Atlanta Constitution; July 19, 1999 ppA7Word Count: 3195

Teaching a Specialist Subject Essay Example

Teaching a Specialist Subject Essay Wider Professional Practice Assignment 1 How Recent Changes to UK Immigration Legislation Affect ESOL Provision in the Further Education Sector (Level 6) BryAnne Conley 7 January 2011 Introduction In recent years the English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) sector has been dramatically affected by top-level UK immigration legislation. Immigration changes emanating from the Home Office, as well as corresponding funding changes for ESOL through Skills for Life, have significantly impacted public-sector Further Education (FE) teaching of ESOL. This essay will outline the recent history of national legislative changes affecting English-language teaching and identify the current operating policy and include a description of my education sector and learners. Following this description will be a detailed analysis of how the policy has been implemented in the public FE sector and especially within my own organisation. The analysis will begin by examining funding issues that affect the implementation, followed by a point-by-point discussion of positive benefits as well as negative impacts of each aspect. Both pre-existing and pending funding changes which impact ESOL provision will also be briefly mentioned. Historical Overview Hamilton and Hillier (forthcoming, p 1) could not have been more accurate when they stated It is clear from the historical record that ESOL has received uneven and often unhelpful attention from government. In the early 2000s the UK began significantly tightening immigration controls in an effort to reduce the number of immigrants to this country, and many amendments were added to the main law controlling immigration to the UK: the Immigration Act 1971. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching a Specialist Subject specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching a Specialist Subject specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching a Specialist Subject specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Prior to this time, the law specified only that any immigrant desiring British citizenship should have a sufficient knowledge of English (British Nationality Act 1948). In the last decade, however, an astounding 267 Statutory Instruments and 5 Acts dealing with immigration have been approved. These changes began with the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 and eventually led to the complete restructuring of the UK immigration system. A new Five-Tier Points-Based System (HC 439) was introduced and phased in during 2008 and 2009. This system tightened language regulations considerably, requiring different levels of English for different types of immigrants. HC 439 is the pertinent policy which this report will analyse, and one which significantly affects the FE ESOL sector, as it further restricts specifications regarding proof of English language progress and proficiency: A person is deemed to have sufficient knowledge of English and of life in the UK if he has attended a course using teaching materials derived from ‘Citizenship Materials for ESOL Learners’ and has thereby obtained a relevant accredited qualification in ESOL (or if he has passed the test known as the Life in the UK Test). [that] evidenced progress from one [ESOL] level to the next is required and that qualifications can only be obtained through attendance at a college that is subject to inspection by [approved agencies are listed]. This means that immigrants seeking to settle in the UK must now submit formal proof of their initial level of English in addition to proof of their final level, thus confirming an improvement of one whole ESOL level. In addition, instruction must now be provided by an approved, inspected college a change that could leave many private English language colleges without enough students to survive. (Tahir, 2010) Sector and Learners However, I teach in the public (approved) sector of Further Education: specifically in Adult and Community Education. ESOL provision in our sector is divided into several types of courses; the two areas I currently teach in are Skills for Life and Family Learning. Skills for Life ESOL, at the lower levels, has experienced significant cuts, whereas Family Learning ESOL is the only type of course for which funding has remained relatively stable. (NIACE, 2007) Our students are a mix of those who are settled, or wish to settle, permanently in the UK, and those who arrive from EU or EEA countries and want to improve their English for work purposes. As the Home Office has no power to regulate EU/EEA citizens in this country, this report will deal with the former group of students and how we help them achieve the required levels of proof of language proficiency and cultural knowledge for settlement (Indefinite Leave to Remain or ILR) and ultimately British citizenship. Implementation of Home Office Policy Backdrop: Funding Cuts An analysis of the implementation of Home Office policy in the Further Education sector would not be complete without mention of the effects of recent FE-wide funding cuts, for they have dramatically increased the negative impact of changes in immigration legislation. In 2007, the UK government introduced a major restructuring of the funding for the FE sector which included monetary cuts, reworking of fee remission structures, an increased emphasis on certain areas of Skills for Life, as well as workforce reforms requiring the upskilling of teachers in the FE sector (Learning and Skills Council, 2007). According to the 2007 NIACE report, all providers of FE and Adult Education experienced a reduction in LSC funding, which was their major source of revenue. The institutions surveyed by NIACE cited a few positive changes, such as becoming more focused and efficient, and learners benefiting from a sharper focus on quality. However, most of the changes cited were negative: †¢ reduction in learner numbers †¢ increased course fees and other supplementary charges (eg exam fees) †¢ significant barriers raised for low-income learners including ESOL learners staff reductions including teachers, support staff and managers †¢ reduction in administrative capacity †¢ cuts in the range and locations of provision †¢ reduction of course lengths †¢ shorter planning horizons †¢ need to invest in additional staff training In my own organisation, I have seen the following impacts of these funding changes: †¢ Job losses have caused demoralisation and increase d stress for tutors, and especially for managers, as an increased workload is shared among fewer people. †¢ The target-driven climate has resulted in more paper shuffling by tutors and learners. Much time has been wasted by tutors and managers tracking targets on computer programs that dont work, trying to force the reality of students learning and progress into pre-determined aims, and the necessity of managing the numbers to satisfy funding requirements. †¢ Fewer locations of provision have meant that learners and tutors must travel further to classes, resources such as libraries have been considered luxuries and closed, and there has been a constant reshuffling of offices resulting in cramped, or a complete lack of, office space for many staff. Cuts in administrative staff and services have meant extra planning and workload for tutors, and learners are short-changed by receiving reduced resources and support. †¢ Selection of students is now often based on factors such as motivation or ability to complete exams rather than the need to learn the language. Our funding is now inconsistent, erratic and short-term, leading to general confusion, lack of continuity and increased spin-up time for everyone involved. As early as 2003, Lea noted problems with this approach to funding, stating that an environment in which FE is considered a profitable business †¦ could affect which ESOL students we take in or not. Requirement One: Life in the UK HC 439 requires proof that our courses include materials from the approved Citizenship Curriculum. These must be used in our planning, and we must specify what we have covered on each students Individual Learning Plan. This specification has an overall positive impact in that learners gain greater cultural knowledge of the UK; the negative impact is a small amount of extra paperwork for tutors. Requirement Two: Increase English One Full ESOL Level This requirement of the law is significantly more involved in its implementation, and has several aspects which will be discussed in turn. Aspect 1: Initial proof of English level is now required in addition to final level proof. Before, a quick initial assessment of learners’ skills levels sufficed, but now we must perform a more-thorough and well-documented diagnostic assessment. This assessment forms critical evidence that may be inspected by agencies such as Ofsted. The impact of this is significant: nearly all of the first one or two class sessions are now devoured by extensive assessments. These are stressful for the students and require huge amounts of time for tutors to prepare, mark, record and file. Additionally, because this is the public sector, Ofsted monitoring and funding concerns have led to creating a new electronic Data Return to track this assessment data. It has taken phenomenal amounts of time over two years to implement this system and train staff to use it. An unintended positive impact of these assessments has been a more detailed knowledge of students’ strengths and weaknesses, which targets the delivery of learning more precisely. Aspect 2: Students must pass exams to show an increase of one complete ESOL level from their initial assessment. This requirement has led to more teaching to the test which puts pressure on students and tutors alike to have exam success. Areas of vocabulary, grammar or knowledge which fall outside the scope of the exam are less likely to be covered in class. In the short term, this can be frustrating to learners and does not positively contribute to the quality of educational provision; in the long term, it may negatively impact other areas of students lives such as their job or family where they may need this extra information to function well and enhance their quality of life. This can lead to negative consequences for learners’ equality of opportunity in society. A further negative impact is the pressure on tutors to under-assess students levels initially, so that they can achieve an increase of one complete level in one year. It is essential for funding that students pass a minimum of one exam annually. ) Some students may not be accepted to learning programmes if it is not felt that they can achieve the required exam results; this can potentially lead to a lowering of the diversity in the class. One positive benefit, however, has been greater motivation by students to attend classes, focus on their studies and do well. Aspect 3: The Home Office is only interested in increased proficiency in speaking skills; reading and writing skills are not a priority. As a result of this, reading and writing skills can tend to fall by the wayside, and this can impact on students employability, especially for higher-skilled or higher-paid jobs. Students may be quite qualified in their own country, but unable to obtain jobs in the UK in the fields in which they were trained. A possibly-unintended consequence of this is keeping immigrants job prospects low, thus preserving higher-skilled jobs for British nationals; this is in direct contradiction to the points-based immigration scheme and the stated intentions of government policies! Future and Wider Issues At the time of this writing (Nov 2010) another change to the point-based immigration system is about to be implemented (Command Paper Cm 7944, 2010). The rule change will require spouses of UK settled individuals to have level A-1 level English before they can even enter the country. This pre-entry spouse language requirement has the potential to impact our sector significantly by reducing the number of students and making it more difficult to reach our target group of priority ESOL learners under the governments ‘New Approach to ESOL’ scheme. (DIUS, 2009), thus leading to further reductions in the diversity of our classes. It may even violate human rights and race relations laws. (Travis, 2010). Although this policy does not emanate from the Home Office and is therefore not considered directly in this report, it will nevertheless impact our sector with perhaps even greater intensity. The New Approach to ESOL was introduced by the UK government in the summer of 2009 as a joined up approach for handling ESOL provision (ibid. , p 23). A New Approach does indeed echo many of the aims of the Home Office legislation such as a refocus on ESOL priority learners, ESOL as part of preparing for work, and English to gain citizenship and integrate into communities. However, no new funding is provided to accomplish these additional tasks, and this will be intensely problematic. The Union of Colleges and Universities (2008) has stated categorically: Laudable government aims to lift migrant workers out of poverty and to deliver its community cohesion strategy [will] not happen unless appropriate funding is found. Conclusion The research done for this report suggests that ESOL provision in the Further Education sector is reaching a crisis point. More requirements are being piled on by government legislation emanating from a variety of agencies, while at the same time crippling funding cuts are being made across the sector. Staff in the sector are being stretched and stressed to the maximum. Barriers are being raised for learners that will keep immigrants in an economically-disadvantaged position in direct opposition to touted government ideals. It appears to be mainly funding policies, rather than requirement policies, which drive improvements or lack thereof in educational provision. In my opinion, the current situation is untenable, and prospects for the near future of ESOL provision are bleak. word count = 2164 Bibliography Ainley, B. (2007). Guide to Race Equality in FE. London: Continuum. Avis, J. (2007). Education, Policy and Social Justice. London: Continuum. Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009. (20 January 2010). [Electronic version. ] The Guardian. Retrieved October 2010 from: http://www. guardian. co. uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2009/feb/13/civil-liberties-immigration. British Nationality Act 1948 (11 12 Geo. VI. c. 56) British Nationality Act 1981 (1981 c. 1). Command Papers. (2010). Statement of Changes in Immigration Rules, presented to Parliament by Command of Her Majesty October 2010. (Cm 7944). London: HMSO. Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS). (n. d. ) Skills for Life: ESOL for Work — A new suite of qualifications. [Download, PDF. ] Available: http://rwp. excellencegateway. org. uk/readwriteplus/bank/368 7_ESOL_leaflet_A4_AW. pdf. Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills. (last updated 2 February 2009). Planning Funding. [Online. ] Available: http://rwp. excellencegateway. org. uk/readwriteplus/Planning_and_Funding. Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills. (2 February 2009). Proposed Funding Changes to ESOL and other Provision. [Electronic version. ] Extract of article first published in Update Magazine, issue 20. Available: http://rwp. excellencegateway. org. uk/readwriteplus/ESOL_changes. Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills. (2 February 2009). Race Equality Impact Assessment on proposed changes in the funding arrangements for English for Speakers of Other Languages and asylum seeker eligibility for Learning and Skills Council Further Education funding — report and emerging proposals. Download, PDF. ] Available: http://rwp. excellencegateway. org. uk/readwriteplus/bank/ACF1BE9. pdf. Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills. (May 2009). A New Approach to English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL). [Download, PDF. ] Available: http://www. bis. gov. uk/assets/biscore/corporate/migratedD/publications/E/esol_new_approach. Hamilton, M and Hillier, Y (for thcoming). ESOL Policy and Change. [Download, PDF. ] To appear in Language Issues, the NATECLA Journal. Available: http://www. lancs. ac. uk/fass/doc_library/edres/hamilton_07_esol_policy_and_change. pdf Hillier, Y. (2006). Everything You Need to Know About FE Policy. London: Continuum. Home Office. (2010). Statement of Changes in Immigration Rules, laid before Parliament on 18 March 2010 under section 3(2) of the Immigration Act 1971. (HC 439). London: HMSO. House of Commons Home Affairs Committee. (9 March 2010). Follow-up to the Committee’s Report on Domestic Violence, Forced Marriage and Honour-Based Violence (HC 429-i). Available: http://www. publications. parliament. uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmhaff/429/429i. pdf. London: HMSO. Lea, J et al. (2003). Working in Post-Compulsory Education. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Learning and Skills Council (LSC). (March 2007). Funding Guidance for Further Education in 2007/08. [Download, PDF. ] Available: http://readingroom. lsc. gov. uk/lsc/National/FEFundingGuidance0708. pdf. Learning and Skills Council. (2009). Fast Facts The New Approach to ESOL. [Download, Microsoft Word. ] Available: http://readingroom. lsc. gov. uk/lsc/National/nat-esol_fast_facts_LA-july2009-v1-1. doc. Migrant Health. Infectious diseases in non-UK born populations in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. A baseline report 2006: Appendix One: The history of migration to the UK. (November 2006) [Download, PDF. Health Protection Agency. Available: http://www. hpa. org. uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1201767922096. National Archives. (As of 4 January 2011). Database search for legislation using keyword immigration across years 2000 through 2010. [Online. ] Accessible at: http://www. legislation. gov. uk. National Institute of Adult Continuing Education (NIACE). (August 2007). Understanding the Impact of Funding Changes on Adult Learning: Further Education Colleges and Local Authorities. [Download, PDF. ] Available: http://www. unison. org. uk/acrobat/NIACE_Aug07. pdf. Papp, S. (18 September 2009). The impact of language assessment for language assessment for migration and integration in the UK: a preliminary survey study. [Presentation. ] Conference on Language and Integration. Berlin: Goethe-Institut. [Download, PDF. ] Available: http://www. goethe. de/ges/spa/pro/sog/ikz/pdf/Szilvia-Papp. pdf. Paton, A and Wilkins, M. (2009). Teaching Adult ESOL: Principles and Practice. Maidenhead: Open University Press. 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WorkPermit. com. UK Immigration English language requirements for spouses and

Drug testing in the workplace.

Drug testing in the workplace. Companies need to have the right to perform drug tests in order to provide for a safe and productive workplace. There are several ways for companies to perform these tests with different levels of acceptance. Companies can perform indiscriminate drug tests that test employees randomly or as a whole. Drug tests may be reserved for those who are suspected of drug use based on job performance. Companies may select to test all new hires. A computer test may be used to test for impairment. Companies who do drug testing will most likely perform a combination of these tests.Indiscriminate drug testing of hired employees in the workplace in the United States is a controversial issue due to Americans' strong belief in the right to privacy and due process. Indiscriminate drug testing violates the principle of due process by forcing employees to prove their innocence without any evidence of guilt. The process of the drug test often involves a urine sample taken in a degrading manor that violate s personal privacy.Any Lab Test Drug Testing LabEmployees with no performance problems and no indication of intoxication should not have to endure an indiscriminate drug test. These drug tests are equivalent to an unreasonable search and employers should not have the right to perform these tests even though the employee has the right to quit.The only time indiscriminate drug testing is acceptable is when it is applied to employees in sensitive positions whose actions can negative impact many others. This would include drivers of mass transportation or very large vehicles, military weapons operators, chemical plant operators, nuclear facility operators and employees required to carry a firearm. In these cases the concern for public safety out weighs the privacy issues.Mandatory drug testing as a condition of employment is a form of indiscriminate drug testing but this violation...

The Radical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Radical - Essay Example For example, women in some Islamic communities are facing severe problems from the dominant male community. This paper analyses religious radicalism with the help of the problems facing by Muslim women in radical or fundamental societies. One of the recent reports from Afghanistan showed the brutalities suffered by an young Muslim girl from the hands of her husband. When Aisha was 12, her father promised her in marriage to a Taliban fighter to pay a debt. She was handed over to his family who abused her and forced her to sleep in the stable with the animals. When she attempted to flee, she was caught and her nose and ears were hacked off by her husband as punishment (Bates). Even though many of the scholars even in Muslim culture condemned above brutality, it is a fact that there are many women in Muslim communities who are suffering from similar treatments from their male counterparts. A civilized world like ours cannot tolerate such brutalities even if it has something to do with t he religious beliefs. It is hard to believe that the creator has created two types of people; one for domination and the other for suffering. Holy Bible says that Eve was created to give company to Adam; not for working as a slave to Adam. In Hindu culture also, women enjoy equal status with men. In fact, women are respected more than men in Hindu culture since they are instrumental in giving birth to future generation. â€Å"Koran says girls must stay home and that it is right to beat women if they disobey their husbands† (Chu). The above teaching of Koran cannot be accepted for an advanced culture like ours. It is difficult to digest the argument that only girls must be punished if they disobey their husband whereas boys can do anything as they like. It should be remembered that in Islamic culture, men can keep more than one wife at the same time whereas women cannot establish relations with other males. In other words, Islam treats males and females in different manner whi ch is unacceptable to any other cultures in the world. Some Muslim scholars are of the view that many of the teachings of Koran were misinterpreted. In their opinion, women beating don’t mean severe punishment in Islam. It is only a symbolic act for the wrong activities of women. In any case, it is a fact that Koran remains silent over the punishment of men who commit mistakes to their wives. Global media recently reported an incident from Saudi Arabia in which a woman who tried to drive her vehicle suffered punishment from the authorities. Woman driving is prohibited in Saudi Arabia even though it is allowed in many other Islamic countries. In other words, Saudi Arabia has its own laws and traditions which are entirely different from that in many other Muslim countries. For example, in UAE or Oman, woman driving is not a punishable act. In fact the number of women drivers in these countries is more or equal to the number of the male drivers. It should be noted that both Oman and UAE have similar culture as that of Saudi and they have no problem in allowing woman driving. It is evident from the above facts that misinterpretation of Koranic teaching is taking place everywhere in the world. Otherwise all the Muslim cultures in the world should have similar rules and regulations. The Saudi Koran and UAE Koran are one and the same; but the teachings of Saudi scholars and the UAE scholars are entirely different. In other words, Saudi is executing a hidden agenda against the women in community there