Essay Examples on Great depression Essay Example

Homemeade Kinetic Sand Recipe

Homemeade Kinetic Sand Recipe Dynamic sand will be sand that sticks to itself, so you can frame clusters and form it with your hands. Its likewise simple to tidy up in light of the fact that it sticks to itself. Dynamic sand is a case of a dilatant or non-Newtonian liquid that expands its consistency under pressure. You might be comfortable with another non-Newtonian liquid, oobleck. Oobleck looks like a fluid until you crush or punch it, and afterward it feels strong. At the point when you discharge the pressure, oobleck streams like a fluid. Active sand is like oobleck, however it is stiffer. You can form the sand into shapes, however following a couple of moments to hours, they will stream into a protuberance. You can purchase dynamic sand in stores or on the web, however its a straightforward and fun science task to make this instructive toy yourself. Heres what you do: Motor Sand Materials Fine play sandDimethicone [polydimethylsiloxane, CH3[Si(CH3)2O]nSi(CH3)3] Utilize the best sand that you can discover. Fine art sand works better than play area sand. You can explore different avenues regarding shaded sand, however know the colors may not work for the task. Active sand that you purchase in the store comprises of 98% sand and 2% polydimethylsiloxane (a polymer). Polydimethylsiloxane is referred to all the more generally as dimethicone, and it is found in hair hostile to frizz gel, diaper rash cream, an assortment of beauty care products, and in unadulterated structure from a beautifying agents gracefully store. Dimethicone is sold in various viscosities. A decent consistency for this venture is dimethicone 500, however you can explore different avenues regarding different items. The most effective method to Make Kinetic Sand Spread dry sand out in a dish and permit it to dry for the time being, or place it in a 250 F broiler for two or three hours to drive off any water. In the event that you heat the sand, let it cool before proceeding.Mix 2 grams of dimethicone with 100 grams of sand. On the off chance that you need to make a greater group, utilize a similar proportion. For instance, you would utilize 20 grams of dimethicone with 1000 grams (1 kilogram) of sand.If the sand wont stay together, you can include more dimethicone, a gram at once, until you get the consistency you need. Hand crafted active sand is like what you would purchase, yet the business item utilizes super-fine sand, so it might carry on a piece differently.Use dough shapers, a bread blade, or sandbox toys to shape the dynamic sand. Store your sand in a fixed sack or holder when you arent utilizing it. Formula for Homemade Kinetic Sand Using Cornstarch Cornstarch is the material blended in with water to make oobleck and overflow. On the off chance that you cannot discover dimethicone or are searching for a less expensive other option, you can make custom made active sand that is basically oobleck with sand. It won't be as simple to shape as dimethicone sand, however its still diversion for more youthful pioneers. The bit of leeway over customary play sand is that this formula will stay together, so you can have an indoor sandbox without following as much sand all over your home. Materials Huge plastic tub or a little pool6 cups cornstarch6 cups water50-lb sack of play sand ​​Instructions To begin with, make the oobleck by blending the corn starch and water.Stir in the sand until you get the consistency you need. Its alright to include more of any fixing to get the ideal sand.If you like, you can likewise include a spurt of dishwashing cleanser or a few spoonfuls of tea tree oil to help keep microbes or shape from developing on the sand.The sand will dry out after some time. At the point when this occurs, you can include more water.

Retail Marketing Assignment On Next Plc Example

Retail Marketing Assignment On Next Plc Example Retail Marketing Assignment On Next Plc â€" Assignment Example > RETAILING MARKRTING ASSIGNMENT ON NEXT PLCNext plc is a company based in the UK that specializes in the home shopping and retailing of womenswear, menswear, childrenswear, interiors, accessories, fashion jewellery and telecommunication software services. It falls into the industry sector of retailing, more specifically, apparel retailing. HISTORY: Next retail chain was opened in February 1982 revitalizing the shape of fashion retailing in the UK. Its unique methods and innovative marketing techniques turned it into a huge success. The first store displayed women clothes, shoes and accessories. They were followed by collections for men, children and home. Next Plc trades from over 450 stores in the UK and Eire and 100 franchise stores overseas. In October 2005, Next achieved a breakthrough with the opening of its anchor store at Manchester. It launched its children’s wear in 1987.Next commenced its online shopping venture in 1999 and the concept of “next day delivery” was int roduced in 2000.As a record, Next’s original collection that was displayed in 1982 It contains the cloth collection as well as marketing content. This collection is maintained by Leicestershire County Council Museums Arts and Record Service. The apparel from this collection is often displayed at fashion shows in Leicestershire. CHARACTERISTICS: Next Plc is a pioneer retail company in many respects. It has introduced many innovations and marketing tools to improve its sales and market positioning. It was the first company in home shopping to introduce the concept of online shopping. The whole list of its collections is available on its website to be purchased by online consumers. Its success recipe is dependent upon its high quality. To ensure a high standard, its employees include garment technologists and fabric and sourcing technologists to provide technical support to the Product team, to design the product so that it fulfils the legal requirements and conforms to the standard s of Next Plc. Similarly the fabric and sourcing technologists implement fabric management systems and study these systems worldwide to analyze and incorporate any changes or modifications that might occur. Likewise, Next Plc also hires a team of competent and creative designers who develop a new range of products involving latest colours, fashions and concepts. These are worked out keeping the Next consumer’s profile in mind. The Buyer is consulted and taken into confidence. Buyers source a range of products and are responsible for product and range development, negotiations with suppliers, researching competitors’ ranges and products and for suppliers’ source and management. Another important player in Next plc is the Merchandiser who’s supposed to maximize company’s profitability and turnover. Their responsibilities include Pre-season range building and planning, reviewing sales figures and scrutinizing stock levels to maximize sales. They also manage delivery schedul es, secure delivery dates from suppliers and minimizing the risk of additional loss-making stock. Apart from that, Next plc has also acquainted its consumers with the idea of a Next directory which was created for consumers who prefer the ease of shopping from their homes. It gives Next a certain edge over its competitors as they capitalize fully upon their potential consumers. The economic facts for the year ended January 2005 for Next:

Key Features Of The Database Management System - 1035 Words

.In this paper we will examine the key features of the database management system MongoDB. Day-to-day information is growing in gigantic amount. Generated information include predominant information and it will have to be analyzed for gathering essential expertise. On the whole, relational databases are used so as to system the data. These, ways works successfully for small amount of knowledge. What if the data is very tremendous? To avoid this problems Mongo databases are introduced. MongoDB is a cross-platform document-oriented database. Classified as a NoSQL databases. NoSQL meets the requirements of the large-scale distributed computing environment, which provides scalability, high availability, high performance and reliability. NoSQL databases are increasingly used in big data and real-time web applications. Using NoSQL provides the benefit of storing data in schema less structure. NoSQL is not a brand new database technology; yet, it provides the possibility and flexibility of handling complex semi-structured data and optimizes solutions to different types of data in this massive and data-intensive era of large-scale computing. Introduction: MongoDB is a structure free and it is a cross-platform document oriented database. MongoDB is developed by 10gen. MongoDB is classified as a non SQL database. NoSQL stores include the use of low-level query languages (instead of SQL, for instance the lack of ability to perform ad-hoc JOINs across tables), lack of standardizedShow MoreRelatedCIS 515 Assignment 31079 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Assignment 3: University Database Veronica Hocutt Strayer University Dr. Darcel Ford CIS 515 July 22, 2014 Abstract A prestigious university has recently implemented a consolidation strategy that will require it to centralize their student records. In order to move forward, the local university will need to develop a data model that will retain student records and perform various data extract transform and load (ETL) processes. As the database consultant it will be necessary to assist withRead MoreRequirements Needed To Build a Database for the Scheduling Process1158 Words   |  5 PagesRequirements Needed To Build a Database for the Scheduling Process Building a database system for organizational scheduling is necessary in a busy and a large organization. Database system has mechanisms to regulate data entry, storage, manipulation and data use within an organization. The database system is composed of the hardware, database procedures, data manipulation as well as database functions to help in building an efficient database for the organization. The organization should use MicrosoftRead MoreKey Features Of A Help Desk Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pagesnumber of key roles to play in the daily operations of business. Especially in the hospitality sector the help desk works as the lifeline for the organisation as it represents the entire business in front of consumers hence it is important that the Help desk has the right balance for the consumers as well as the internal communication for the companies (LaudonLaudon, 2011). There are certain key features of a help desk which are extremely favorable for the business. The two key features of a helpRead MoreUnit 18 - Database P1, M11008 Words   |  5 PagesDatabase Database, it is a place use to store lots of data. It can be seen as a filing cabinet. And database management system (DBMS) is software that specificity designs for managing the data in database such as create, update or delete them. General is including security, retrieval and backup features. User also allows using the data to create a report or share data with multi-user. MS Access is a database management system design by Microsoft. It offers user four important objects they are: Read MoreFacebook s Cassandra ( Column Oriented ) Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesFacebook’s Cassandra (Column-oriented) There is also a much talked about database called Cassandra which also needs to be discussed. It was originally developed by Facebook as open-sourced in 2008 [6]. Facebook was among the first to try the system for its inbox search system, which controls and stores in its disk space, and with the high performance of the system within its service level agreement requirements more applications like Netflix, Twitter etc. embraced Cassandra as their storage engineRead MoreSecurity Of Nosql Database Against Intruders Essay1707 Words   |  7 PagesSecurity of NoSQL Database against Intruders Abstract The evolution of distributed web based applications and cloud computing have generated the demand to store voluminous of big data in distributed databases efficiently to offer excessive availability and scalability to users. The new type of database resolves many new challenges especially in large-scale and high concurrency applications which are not present in relational database. These new sorts of databases are not relational by using explanationsRead MoreLego Case Study1463 Words   |  6 PagesCombining BI with a Information System CASE STUDY 1. Brief description and summary of the key issues/problems presented in the case (possibly) including(50) a. What new concept is introduced in this case? In this case , LEGO needs a flexible and robust IT infrastructure with business intelligence capabilities that could help management perform better forecasting and planning. So they chose to implement SAPs Supply Chain Management (SCM) , Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), and Enterprise ResouresRead MoreDescribing Storing Data from Dbms1240 Words   |  5 PagesStoring Data In DBMS (Traditional Models) Introduction A computer database relies upon software to organize the storage of data. This software is known as a database management system (DBMS). Database management systems are categorized according to the database model that they support. The model tends to determine the query languages that are available to access the database. A great deal of the internal engineering of a DBMS, however, is independent of the data modelRead MoreIntroduction to Mysql1270 Words   |  6 PagesMySQL is an open source Relational Database Management System based on the Structured Query Language (SQL). It is very fast reliable and flexible Database Management System based on relation model that is developed to manage large volumes of data at very high speed with security. MySQL can be used for verity of applications but it is one of the most popular RDBMS used for the web applications on the Internet. It is referred as open source because it can be run on different platform suchRead MoreScp Server Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesSCCM member server. On the SCCM VM server, open Server Manager, and click Ad Roles Features. 2 – On the Before you begin interface, click Next. 3 – On the Select installation type interface, proceed with Next. 4 – On the Select destination server interface, verify your server and then click Next. 5 – On the Select server roles interface, click Web Server (IIS) and then click Next. 6 – On the Select features interface, click .Net Framework 3.5 4,5, and then scroll down and click Remote

John Hattie s Synthesis Of Approximately 800 Meta...

John Hattie’s synthesis of approximately 800 meta-analysis studies involving over 52,000 studies of educational achievement led to the development of six signposts of excellence in education. Hattie determined that of these â€Å"the most powerful determinants of educational achievement all involved teacher-student interaction† (Drew, 2011, pp. 85-86). Furthermore, Hattie noted that â€Å"it is less the content of curricula that is important than the strategies teachers use to implement the curriculum so that students progress upwards through the curricula content† (2009, p. 159). The aspects of my current practice that support quality STEM education correlate to the strategies employed to implement the curriculum. Fundamental towards this approach remains the establishment of a learning community that values mistakes as learning opportunities, where students â€Å"can feel safe to learn, relearn, and explore knowledge and understanding† (Hattie, 2009, p. 240). Establishment of such a community requires front loading from the beginning of the school year and daily maintenance throughout the academic year. The foundation for community is laid during the morning meeting. This student led meeting consists of a greeting, sharing, group activity, and a morning message and is in keeping with the Responsive Classroom approach. â€Å"The Responsive Classroom approach consists of a set of practices that build academic and social-emotional competencies and that can be used along with many other

The Impact of Midlife Crisis on the Family Free Essays

The Impact of Mid Life Crisis on the Family By most definitions a â€Å"Midlife Crisis† is defined as an emotional state of doubt, self-reflection and anxiety that is normally associated with age and affects both men and women between the ages of 35 and 55. In his 1965 article â€Å"Death and the Midlife Crisis† for the International Journal of Psychoanalysis, psychologist Elliot Jaques coined the term â€Å"midlife crisis,† referring to a time when adults realize their own mortality and how much time they may have left in their lives. Researchers such as Levinson, Erikson, and many others shortly followed suit finding that there were significant changes for people to go through in midlife. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Midlife Crisis on the Family or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of these changes, in addition to time perspective, include reevaluating life values and goals, thinking about one’s own death, and planning the second half of life. Not all researchers believe that people in midlife experience a crisis they believe that midlife is a normal period of transition in a person’s life cycle Mid life is considered to be a major life transition that provides individuals a time to reevaluate expectations and make age-appropriate adjustments to roles and resources. For many, this transition is very productive and leads to needed decisions and changes, and to a focus on the value of interpersonal and intimate relationships. It can also be an opportunity to move beyond previously accepted boundaries and societal constraints. Middle age is also a time in which adults take on new job responsibilities and therefore often feel a need to reassess where they are and make changes while they feel they still have time. This period of life can have positive and negative effects both on the individual and the family unit. If a person understands the process of midlife and can accept the biological and emotional changes; most will be able to navigate successfully through the transition with added confidence and a feeling of comfort with their self concept and life choices. Whether positive or negative, a life transition causes a person to leave behind the familiar and forces them to adjust to new ways of living, at least temporarily. They can leave people feeling completely unprepared and they may be thrown into a personal crisis, feeling shocked, angry, sad, and withdrawn. It is when events during mid life present a crisis state that the family unit may be adversely affected. Change is inevitable in life. Both positive life transitions and negative ones can create stress for an individual or family. For many people change can feel overwhelming and can lead to symptoms or depression, anxiety, an identity crisis and heartache. Some of the negative feelings that may be felt involve dissatisfaction and may include searching for a new dream or goal, desiring new sexual relationships, needing to feel and stay young, feeling remorse for goals not achieved, placing special focus on physical appearance and resenting obligations to family or aging parents, and â€Å"empty nest syndrome. † The term empty nest syndrome refers to a time of adjustment for parents when their children leave home, especially when the last child leaves home. Understanding the emotional and intellectual stages that people pass through from childhood to retirement years as a member of a family is called the family life cycle. In each stage a person faces challenges in their family life that cause the development and gaining of new skills. The development of these skills helps an individual cope with the changes that every family goes through. The â€Å"launching stage† is the phase of the family life cycle that involves midlife. This is the newest and longest phase in the family life cycle, and for these reasons it is in many ways the most problematic of all phases. In the past, most families were occupied with raising their children for most of their active adult lives. Now, because of the low birth rate and the long life expectancy of adults, most parents launch their children almost 20 years before retirement and must then find other life activities. The difficulties of this transition can lead families to hold onto their children or can lead to parental feelings of emptiness and depression, although, especially for women, this has become increasingly a transition they welcome for the opportunity to explore new pursuits (Walsh, 391). It is also coincides, many times, with the adolescent phase adding extra stress not only on parents but teens as well. Parenting teenagers can be a rough time for the family and test relationship skills. It’s also a time for positive growth and creative exploration for the entire family. The launching phase is a particularly stressful time. It is marked by several aspects; the most significant is the entries and exits of family members. It is also a time when grandparents become ill and die and parents are left with the chore of finding meaningful, new activities. It is also a time when parents see their role change from that of parent to grandparent and also caregiver to their own parents who may have become dependent. The rapid rate of growth of older people (65 years and older, and especially of the oldest old, 85 or older) has created many challenges for family members. Many adult children face the dilemma of providing care for their older relatives, while at the same time, caring for their children. Family members are affected socially, emotionally and financially as they struggle with difficult decisions. While people generally think about changing relationships as losses, centered on separation, divorce or death, relationships can also be viewed as gains, such as new commitment and/or marriage, becoming a grandparent or even a great grandparent. Changing relationships can be high impact transitions, resulting in a change of routines, roles, responsibilities and assumptions Role change within the family can create new or increased interpersonal conflict. When one family member changes roles, other people are forced to make shifts in their own role expectations or behaviors. On the positive side it may be a period of financial freedom giving individuals and couples the opportunity to explore new areas of interest. The launching phase when seen as a normative transition may seem to bring one stage of life to an end and welcome a new stage with new opportunities and roles. On the other hand it may lead to disruption, a sense of emptiness, loss, depression, and general disintegration. Another reason why the launching phase of the family life cycle is especially stressful for parents may be that launching may be postponed for financial reasons or adult children may return home after a divorce. During this time the marital relationship may also need to be restructured when parenting responsibilities are no longer required (Walsh, 391). Men and women approach this time of life differently but the impact on the family is the same. Strains in midlife marriages are common as children become adolescents and struggle to assert their separate identities. Concerns about offspring can easily crowd out time to attend to the needs of a spouse. Neglecting this relationship affects not only the parents, but children as well. Sometimes this neglect coupled with a divergence of interests and a shift in roles leads to divorce. Divorce breaks down the family structure, and has far reaching effects not only on the divorcing couple and their children but on the extended family, friends, and society as a whole. There is a grieving process that takes place when we are experiencing divorce. It is not unlike the grief we experience when someone dies. The grief includes but is not limited to the loss of a set of expectations; the definition of family; the state of marriage; extended family ties; the ex-spouse; rituals and traditions; the status of being married; financial security; a two parent household; are among the many losses we might endure. There is the feeling of being uprooted and displaced during the divorce process. During this period many of us confront our legal system which can and often does become quite adversarial. The tension of bickering over money, property, kids, custody etc. can escalate and lead to anger, more instability, and a sense of not being understood. Whether a midlife crisis or a midlife transition, men and women entering into this phase of the family life cycle face many obstacles and challenges that may be viewed positively or negatively and the impact on the family may be felt that way as well. If individual identities in earlier stages of life have been developed the more secure the individual will be about the changes that are not only going on with them but with other members of the family as well. Works Cited Walsh, Froma (2003). Normal Family Processes. New York, NY: The Guilford Press. Bibliography Carter B, McGoldrick M (2005). The Expanded Life Cycle, 3rd ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Curro McCarthy N (1994). Health Promotion and the family. In CL Edelman, CL Mandle, eds. , Health Promotion Throughout the Lifespan, 3rd ed. , pp. 179-201. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby. Goldenberg H, Goldenberg I (2008). Family Therapy: An Overview. Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole. Newman BM, Newman PR (1998). Development Through Life, 7th ed. New York, NY: Brooks/Cole and Wadsworth. Walsh, Froma (2003). Normal Family Processes. New York, NY: The Guilford Press. How to cite The Impact of Midlife Crisis on the Family, Essay examples

The Impact of Midlife Crisis on the Family Free Essays

The Impact of Mid Life Crisis on the Family By most definitions a â€Å"Midlife Crisis† is defined as an emotional state of doubt, self-reflection and anxiety that is normally associated with age and affects both men and women between the ages of 35 and 55. In his 1965 article â€Å"Death and the Midlife Crisis† for the International Journal of Psychoanalysis, psychologist Elliot Jaques coined the term â€Å"midlife crisis,† referring to a time when adults realize their own mortality and how much time they may have left in their lives. Researchers such as Levinson, Erikson, and many others shortly followed suit finding that there were significant changes for people to go through in midlife. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Midlife Crisis on the Family or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of these changes, in addition to time perspective, include reevaluating life values and goals, thinking about one’s own death, and planning the second half of life. Not all researchers believe that people in midlife experience a crisis they believe that midlife is a normal period of transition in a person’s life cycle Mid life is considered to be a major life transition that provides individuals a time to reevaluate expectations and make age-appropriate adjustments to roles and resources. For many, this transition is very productive and leads to needed decisions and changes, and to a focus on the value of interpersonal and intimate relationships. It can also be an opportunity to move beyond previously accepted boundaries and societal constraints. Middle age is also a time in which adults take on new job responsibilities and therefore often feel a need to reassess where they are and make changes while they feel they still have time. This period of life can have positive and negative effects both on the individual and the family unit. If a person understands the process of midlife and can accept the biological and emotional changes; most will be able to navigate successfully through the transition with added confidence and a feeling of comfort with their self concept and life choices. Whether positive or negative, a life transition causes a person to leave behind the familiar and forces them to adjust to new ways of living, at least temporarily. They can leave people feeling completely unprepared and they may be thrown into a personal crisis, feeling shocked, angry, sad, and withdrawn. It is when events during mid life present a crisis state that the family unit may be adversely affected. Change is inevitable in life. Both positive life transitions and negative ones can create stress for an individual or family. For many people change can feel overwhelming and can lead to symptoms or depression, anxiety, an identity crisis and heartache. Some of the negative feelings that may be felt involve dissatisfaction and may include searching for a new dream or goal, desiring new sexual relationships, needing to feel and stay young, feeling remorse for goals not achieved, placing special focus on physical appearance and resenting obligations to family or aging parents, and â€Å"empty nest syndrome. † The term empty nest syndrome refers to a time of adjustment for parents when their children leave home, especially when the last child leaves home. Understanding the emotional and intellectual stages that people pass through from childhood to retirement years as a member of a family is called the family life cycle. In each stage a person faces challenges in their family life that cause the development and gaining of new skills. The development of these skills helps an individual cope with the changes that every family goes through. The â€Å"launching stage† is the phase of the family life cycle that involves midlife. This is the newest and longest phase in the family life cycle, and for these reasons it is in many ways the most problematic of all phases. In the past, most families were occupied with raising their children for most of their active adult lives. Now, because of the low birth rate and the long life expectancy of adults, most parents launch their children almost 20 years before retirement and must then find other life activities. The difficulties of this transition can lead families to hold onto their children or can lead to parental feelings of emptiness and depression, although, especially for women, this has become increasingly a transition they welcome for the opportunity to explore new pursuits (Walsh, 391). It is also coincides, many times, with the adolescent phase adding extra stress not only on parents but teens as well. Parenting teenagers can be a rough time for the family and test relationship skills. It’s also a time for positive growth and creative exploration for the entire family. The launching phase is a particularly stressful time. It is marked by several aspects; the most significant is the entries and exits of family members. It is also a time when grandparents become ill and die and parents are left with the chore of finding meaningful, new activities. It is also a time when parents see their role change from that of parent to grandparent and also caregiver to their own parents who may have become dependent. The rapid rate of growth of older people (65 years and older, and especially of the oldest old, 85 or older) has created many challenges for family members. Many adult children face the dilemma of providing care for their older relatives, while at the same time, caring for their children. Family members are affected socially, emotionally and financially as they struggle with difficult decisions. While people generally think about changing relationships as losses, centered on separation, divorce or death, relationships can also be viewed as gains, such as new commitment and/or marriage, becoming a grandparent or even a great grandparent. Changing relationships can be high impact transitions, resulting in a change of routines, roles, responsibilities and assumptions Role change within the family can create new or increased interpersonal conflict. When one family member changes roles, other people are forced to make shifts in their own role expectations or behaviors. On the positive side it may be a period of financial freedom giving individuals and couples the opportunity to explore new areas of interest. The launching phase when seen as a normative transition may seem to bring one stage of life to an end and welcome a new stage with new opportunities and roles. On the other hand it may lead to disruption, a sense of emptiness, loss, depression, and general disintegration. Another reason why the launching phase of the family life cycle is especially stressful for parents may be that launching may be postponed for financial reasons or adult children may return home after a divorce. During this time the marital relationship may also need to be restructured when parenting responsibilities are no longer required (Walsh, 391). Men and women approach this time of life differently but the impact on the family is the same. Strains in midlife marriages are common as children become adolescents and struggle to assert their separate identities. Concerns about offspring can easily crowd out time to attend to the needs of a spouse. Neglecting this relationship affects not only the parents, but children as well. Sometimes this neglect coupled with a divergence of interests and a shift in roles leads to divorce. Divorce breaks down the family structure, and has far reaching effects not only on the divorcing couple and their children but on the extended family, friends, and society as a whole. There is a grieving process that takes place when we are experiencing divorce. It is not unlike the grief we experience when someone dies. The grief includes but is not limited to the loss of a set of expectations; the definition of family; the state of marriage; extended family ties; the ex-spouse; rituals and traditions; the status of being married; financial security; a two parent household; are among the many losses we might endure. There is the feeling of being uprooted and displaced during the divorce process. During this period many of us confront our legal system which can and often does become quite adversarial. The tension of bickering over money, property, kids, custody etc. can escalate and lead to anger, more instability, and a sense of not being understood. Whether a midlife crisis or a midlife transition, men and women entering into this phase of the family life cycle face many obstacles and challenges that may be viewed positively or negatively and the impact on the family may be felt that way as well. If individual identities in earlier stages of life have been developed the more secure the individual will be about the changes that are not only going on with them but with other members of the family as well. Works Cited Walsh, Froma (2003). Normal Family Processes. New York, NY: The Guilford Press. Bibliography Carter B, McGoldrick M (2005). The Expanded Life Cycle, 3rd ed. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Curro McCarthy N (1994). Health Promotion and the family. In CL Edelman, CL Mandle, eds. , Health Promotion Throughout the Lifespan, 3rd ed. , pp. 179-201. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby. Goldenberg H, Goldenberg I (2008). Family Therapy: An Overview. Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole. Newman BM, Newman PR (1998). Development Through Life, 7th ed. New York, NY: Brooks/Cole and Wadsworth. Walsh, Froma (2003). Normal Family Processes. New York, NY: The Guilford Press. How to cite The Impact of Midlife Crisis on the Family, Essay examples

Personal Statement Essays (573 words) - Computer, Brian Welch

Personal Statement Personal Statement for the National Merit Competition. This was written by the BigNerd himself. "Would you please get the mail," my mother implored as I entered the door. Heading towards the mailbox, I wondered if I would find daily assortment of bills and catalogues or something interesting addressed to me. To my delight, the first item was the new issue of PC Computing. Ever since I was introduced to computers when I was five, I have been fascinated by them. The summer before my sophomore year of high school, I wrote a program called Quickchange 95 using Visual Basic. This program changed the startup and shutdown screens of Windows 95. I distributed the program via shareware archives on the Internet, and I received email from all over the world about my creation. I shuffled through one of my mother's clothing catalogues to find my issue of Money Magazine. I have been interested in business and finance since the day which we started studying the stock market in fifth grade. The summer before my junior year, I combined my interests in business and computers by starting a web design company with a friend. We created a web site for a local bike shop which is only one of two bike shops in Connecticut to have a presence on the Internet. Currently, I am the head web designer for my school. I intend to combine computers and business in my future career. My goal is to work on the business side of a computer firm, and eventually, I would like to start my own computer company. A board of education letter of commendation for my participation in the FIRST robotics program also arrived today. I have been able to develop my entrepreneurial skills through the FIRST robotics program. FIRST is a national engineering competition in which partnerships are formed between local businesses and high schools to design and build a robot-like machine. The team has about six weeks to build a machine, that must be able to compete in a timed sporting event. I have been involved in FIRST each year of my high school career. Last year, I was team captain, and our team finished fourth in the country out of one hundred and fifty-six teams. As a result of my involvement with FIRST, I have improved my confidence, my leadership, and my team working abilities. FIRST gave me experience working with a diverse group of people with a variety of skills. Working alongside engineers from our sponsor company, International Fuel Cells, exposed me to the professional world beyond the classroom . I have a great appreciation for this program which has challenged me to bring out the best in myself and others. My last piece of mail was Tennis Magazine. I began playing tennis at the age of eight. During my freshman year, I played on the junior varsity tennis team, and I received the Manchester Racquet Club deserving player award which is a scholarship for a year of indoor lessons. The next two seasons, I played on the varsity tennis team. Last year, I was named to the Hartford Courant All Academic Team. Tennis has provided a welcome diversion from my technical pursuits. "What took you so long?" my mother asked as I entered the house. "Oh nothing, I really have to start my homework," as I tucked my magazines under my arms and ran up the stairs.

Search for My tongue and Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan Essay Example

Search for My tongue and Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan Essay Example Search for My tongue and Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan Essay Search for My tongue and Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan Essay Essay Topic: Poetry This essay is comparing two cultural poems, both written by people who have been taken from their home culture, to another one, which is different. The poems-Search for My tongue and Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan- are similar in some ways, but different in others. This essay will compare the two cultures, and the similarities and differences. Moniza Alvi wrote Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan. She was born in Pakistan in 1954 but was moved to England when she was a young child. As Moniza grew up in England she was separated from her origins and never felt entirely at home. This is shown in the poem half-English When Moniza revisited Pakistan she felt very English her cultural background was affecting her more than she realised. I feel that Moniza wrote the poem to show others how different it is to change cultures, to half belong to one and half belong to another culture. She mentions in a BBC interview her poem is autobiographical and reflects her growing up. At the start of the poem there is a strong sense of image, which helps to build up a feeling of adoration and beauty. We first see the idea of culture of culture in this poem in the clothing from Pakistan, which shows a rich sense of colour and beauty. When these clothes are later compared to with the cardigans from Marks and Spencers it is easy to see how one culture appears to splash out with colour in the various items of clothing, like the Salwar Kameez (loose trousers and a tunic, woven and worn traditionally by women). In the first stanza (verse) the beautiful clothing and strong visual continue but this beauty also has a dangerous side -the bangles she receives snap and cut her giving a slight sense of confusion which builds up slowly throughout the poem, coming back at stages. In stanza two it is obvious that the clothing is not what she wants. She feels that it doesnt suit her, that it is gorgeous but also too exotic alien in the sitting room line 17, suggesting that she prefers a more dull type of clothing, as shown in the second part of the stanza. I longed for denim and corduroy line 20-21 shows that her British clothing is what she prefers. The Pakistani clothing sets her aflame and she cant rise out of its fire. This part of the poem describes her and the clothing like a phoenix. She then describes herself as half-English. This may suggest that she feels that she doesnt fit in, she has no home. However, in stanza three there are some things that she likes about Pakistan, the camel skin lamp (Although this may not be from Pakistan it has more exotic qualities than English ones). She admires the transformation of camel to lampshade and the colour produce by it. Her mothers jewellery is described to make it look beautiful and precious. It almost seems inevitable that it will be stolen, as it shows a sense of danger, as do some of the other items from Pakistan, like the bangles. The items in the wardrobe give a good image of the differences between the two cultures. The dull, plain wardrobe and the dull, plain English clothing are completely opposite from the vibrant, bright Pakistani clothing, which stands out immensely. Her school friends are unimpressed with her clothing and want to see her weekend clothes. This shows a major cultural difference between her and her friends. She, However, admires the clothes and the mirror work. The poem moves into a flashback of her early childhood, as she is moving to England. She is left alone in her grandmothers dining room, suggesting that even in her early life she is isolated and separated from everyone else. In the poem, Moniza portrays a bad image of her homeland. The pictures that she has are from the time of her youth, though they are not described in the poem, show where she was born. They are different from the newspaper reports she reads later in her life when Lahore is a war torn country, a fractured land. She has pictures of Lahore in her mind; expectations of her country should be like to her. The environment she pictures shows a sexist environment, where the women and the men are separated. In the final stanza, we see that Moniza is isolated, left with the beggars and the sweeper girls, of no fixed nationality. It seems that wherever she goes, there is no sense of home, no place that she can belong to. All throughout the poem, there is a strong sense of wanting to belong, but in no way being able to belong, a sense of disappointment and regret. Search for my Tongue was written by Sujata Bhatt. She was born in India in 1956. Her family moved to America, where she was educated, and she now lives in Germany. The poem was first printed in her book, entitled Brunizem, in 1988 (The word Brunizem is a soil, a dark prairie soil which is found in Asia, Europe and North America This may reflect on the fact that she has lived in these areas. ) Search for my Tongue can be split into three parts. The first part is the lines 1 to 16, the second part is the Gujerati (lines 17 to 30) and the last part is lines 31 to 38. The first part of the poem describes how she has lost her tongue or her language. She describes two tongues in the poem, the mother tongue and the foreign tongue. The mother tongue is in reference to her original language, Gujerati and the foreign tongue is her new language, English (At the time the poem was written, Sujata as living in America). The lines You could not use them both together even if you thought that way show that even if you commonly use both languages, one can still dominate and possibly destroy the other one, leaving you with only one tongue. In the second half of the first part of the poem, we can tell that the mother tongue has gone rotten and died, causing the person to spit it out. However, the seed of the tongue is still in the person and comes back to her when she dreams. This part of the poem reflects some of the ideas bought forward by Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan. Both of the poems show a sense of cultural loss, one that is hard to regain. The Gujerati in section two is there for two reasons. One is to isolate the people who cannot speak Gujerati. Although the text can be read without this section, it helps to build up a sense of atmosphere in the poem. The other reason for the Gujerati to be there is that it shows the impact of the dream. It interrupts the poem, like a dream would interrupt, showing that the comeback is sudden, and cannot be controlled. Section three is an extended metaphor, a reflection of what section two is. The language is described as a plant, which has died, but left a seed for a new plant to grow, whilst another plant has taken its place. The first plan t grows from this a takes its place back from the other plant, and strengthens itself grows strong veins as time goes on. This is a way of succouring itself against the foreign tongue. The image the poem gives of both the plants is a very different one. The foreign tongue is given the image of a weed, one which has choked and held back the mother tongue, which is given a more beautiful image of blossoming. There are many similarities and differences between the poems. The ideas of culture are strong in each one, both contributing to the ideal culture of the writers, one which everyone is welcome and can speak the same way, without feeling isolated. Both the poets have been taken from their original, home cultures and thrown into a harsh society to them, one that prevents them from fully finding themselves. Both the poems have strong imagery, which is vivid. An example of this is the phoenix reference of rising from the ashes to be reborn, something both writers either wish to experience or have experienced. The main differences between the poems is the fact that in Search for my Tongue the person recovers their culture, whilst the other person in Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan loses their culture. I feel that Search for my Tongue is a more metaphorical poem, a dream-like one which discusses the aspects of a lost language, a major part in any culture. I feel that it has more influence than Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan as this is more literal and I dont fell has the depth of Search for my Tongue. The culture in both of the poems has shown how moving from one country to another can have a major impact on peoples lives and can affect them in a way which they do not understand or want.

How to Make Homemade Fizzy Bath Bomb Balls

How to Make Homemade Fizzy Bath Bomb Balls Use your chemistry to make a fizzy, scented bath bomb (bath ball). Make them for yourself or give them as gifts! Its pretty easy to make and takes only about 15 minutes! Fizzy Bath Bomb Chemistry Fizzy bath bombs or bath seltzers are an example of an acid-base reaction. The citric acid (weak acid) and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, which is a weak base) react together to release carbon dioxide gas. This gas forms the bubbles. The citric acid and baking soda dont react until they are in an aqueous (water-based) solution. The cornstarch helps keep the bath bombs dry until you add them to the bath. You could substitute Epsom salts in place of the cornstarch if you prefer. What You Need for Bath Bombs 2 tablespoons  citric acid2 tablespoons cornstarch1/4 cup  baking soda 1/4 teaspoon fragrance oil3-6 drops food color3 tablespoons vegetable oil Lets Make Bath Bombs! Mix all dry ingredients (citric acid, cornstarch, baking soda) in the bowl.In a different bowl or a small cup, mix the vegetable oil, fragrance, and coloring together.Slowly incorporate the oil mixture into the dry ingredients. Mix well.Place 1 balls of the mixture on waxed paper. They will be semi-hard within 2-3 hours, but allow 24-48 for them to fully dry before storing them.Store bath balls in a sealed container, away from moisture.Add a few to the bath and enjoy! For gift giving, the balls may be placed in individual candy cups. Useful Tips Either fragrance and/or coloring is optional.Suggested vegetable oils include coconut oil, avocado oil, apricot kernel oil, sweet almond oil, or olive oil, although any emollient oil is good!Use small molds to make three-dimensional fizzy bath shapes.

Modern women in modern songs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Modern women in modern songs - Essay Example As it is, the song invites men to become insensitive to women and it gives men the right to treat women badly under the premise that women are liars and that they cannot be trusted. To give us a clear picture of the way the artist sees women, let us take a look at the lyrics of the song, the tempo of the music, the style, the phrasing and the tone. II. The Anatomy of the Song The song â€Å"Superman† is divided into three parts, namely the intro, the verses and the choruses. To put the song in context, the singer tells the listener about his experience with women and how his experience shaped his opinion about the female population. Although the singer did not really expound on what sad or bad experience he had with women, from the tone of his song, one can clearly see that this person does not trust the female specie and that he does not want to be in a serious relationship with any of them. The song starts with a woman’s voice moaning in the background and Eminem rapp ing in multisyllabic rhymes. Eminem rap along the beat of the drum as he delivers his lines in a rhythmic pattern. The voice of the woman moaning gives the intro of the song a sexual context which picture women as creatures who are meant to sexually satisfy the male. This personification of the female is rather disturbing as females are complex creatures and although they may have a sexual side to them, this sexual side does not define them as persons. Note that as complex creatures, women are capable of a lot of things and to box them in as sexually charged creatures moaning with pleasure is demeaning. The rhythm of the background music does not change much as the song graduate from the introduction and move into Chorus A. The voice of the singer goes with the beat of the drum as we move from the intro of the song to Chorus A and the woman moaning in the background fades away. In Chorus A, he describes how he might love the girl and how the girl might love him too so he comes to re scue the girl like superman does. If we take a closer look at the message of Chorus A, the singer implied that women cannot protect themselves and that they need men to save them. The song shows an even more blatant disregard of women’s potentials and capacities while trying to project men as the superior specie. Stereotyping women as â€Å"weak† creatures is not only grossly unfair, it is also demeaning especially when most women are actually more than capable of taking care of themselves. Verse 1 of the song pictures a woman as somebody who wants to trap the man in marriage. In an effort to get away from the grasp of the woman, the man tries to demean the woman by calling her a â€Å"slut† and saying â€Å"I would never let another chick bring me down.† The first few lines of Verse 1 are rather telling about the mental state of the man especially when he said â€Å"save it bitch, babysit†. Aside from fearing commitment, the singer seem to send a message to the listener that he sees women as homemakers who are only fit to do household chores and babysit. Asking a woman to babysit is not so bad but when you put babysitting in the wrong context, it can become quite offensive to the female sensibilities. Note that parenting should be a shared responsibility so both men and women have the duty to take care of the kids. Verse 1 of the

A Rose for Emily- William Faulkner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Rose for Emily- William Faulkner - Essay Example Faulkner opened the story with the incident of Emily’s funeral and the townsfolk’s curiosity to see the inside of her house. The events that led to Emily’s behavior would be proffered to rationalize the climax manifesting the death of Emily’s object of affection. Emily’s character continues to intrigue analysts in terms of her being a villain or the victim in the story. The story was set in the county seat of Yoknapatawpha, Jefferson where focus was placed on Emily’s house, intricately described and used as a one of the prominent symbols of the story. A general setting was exhibited where events, especially the outcome of the tragic death of Homer and its discovery, unfolded through time. The point of view of †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢our whole town’ emerges the narrator of the story who poses an interesting limited omniscient narrating position for Faulkner to control. The author designates this narrator both as part of the "our whole town" and part of the supposed objectivity through whom the reader must envision the story† (Curry, 392).

The Battle Between Good And Evil :: essays research papers fc

The Balance Between Good and Evil   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Balance Between Good and Evil   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Golding’s Lord of the Flies is an author’s painting of the evil that resides in all of the human race. The tropical island setting presents an environment free from civil order introducing a battle ground for the war of good and evil. Showing different side of human nature one can ponder the question â€Å"What would I do?† Golding explains the good, bad and balance of human nature, revealing that in times of despair man can easily regress to a primitive state, leaving the strong willed to promote civil order, but often be extremely out numbered.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ralph and Piggy’s sense of responsibility and maturity initially brings to the island a voice for everyone, calling for a brotherhood among the boys in order to survive and eventually be rescued. Early on the novel reads â€Å"There was a stillness about Ralph's as he sat that marked him out: there was his size and attractive appearance; and most securely, yet most powerful there was the conch.† (Golding Pg. 22). This quote describes the presence Ralph promoted on the island early on in their adventure. He encouraged equal say amongst the boys through the conch. In order to speak, one had to have possession of the symbolic shell. The shell representing the Parliamentary government in which they had left at home. Furthermore, Piggy, gaining an influential voice through Ralph, shouts his concern to the immature reckless boys â€Å"The first thing we ought to have made was shelters down there by the beach... Then when you get here you build a bonfire t hat isn’t no use. Now you been and set the whole island on fire.† (Golding pg. 47). Like Ralph, Piggy’s responsibility and ability to plan for the future contradicts the actions of the boys, which in turn is the main reason for the separation between Jack and Ralph. Ralph and Piggy strive for a civilized way of life, yet find Jack leading an indirect revolt against any attempt to maintain order. Ralph and Piggy represent the good, civilized world in which they have come from; unfortunately the freedom of the island breathes life into Jack’s evil side, causing chaos to lurk throughout the boys.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jack Merridew represents the evil and dark ambitions that can take over a person when given the lack authority in a setting such as the tropical paradise. In given such freedom, Jack slowly loses his fear of punishment; seen here, his innocence still remains but

Project Report on Coffee Behaviour

Westminster International University in Tashkent BSc in Economics with Finance 2012 – 2013 CW 1 (Element 2): Group Final Report CW 1 (Element 2): Group Final Report To be completed by the student Student’s ID number | 00001477, 00001568, 00002099, 00001506| Module name| Research Methods| Module code| 2UZB503| Tutor| Lobar Mukhamedova| Individual assignment| | Group assignment| | Submission deadline| 04. 04. 2013| For Academic Registrar use only| Contents Abstract3 Introduction3 Literature Review3 Coffee and Smoking4 Coffee and Smoking cessation5 Coffee and alcohol5Coffee and physical activity6 Coffee and Income6 Conclusion6 Research question7 Research objectives7 Methodology7 Research approach and design7 Research setting8 Study population and sample8 Data Collection9 Data collection instrument9 Data collection procedure9 Reliability and validity10 Reliability10 Validity10 Ethical considerations10 Conclusion10 Data11 Estimation and Results14 Conclusion and Recommendatio ns16 Bibliography17 Appendix 119 Questionnaire instructions. 19 Instructions on how to complete the questionnaire19 Coffee questionnaire20 Personal information:20 AbstractThe following paper discusses the main determinants of coffee consumption at Westminster International University in Tashkent. Determinants such as income of respondent, ethnicity, religion, smoking habits and other factors are investigated. Data was collected using online methods of surveying and self-administrated questionnaires. Results proved to be significant and revealed a negative correlation between coffee consumption, active lifestyle and marital status. In contrast, positive correlation between coffee consumption income and age was found. Other factors as smoking, religion, education years proved to be insignificant.Introduction Being the third most consumed beverage in the world after water and tea, coffee is valued for its distinct aroma, flavor and energizing effect. Found in Ethiopia in the 9th centur y, coffee first became popular in the Arab world, was then promoted in Europe and consequently developed into one of the most traded commodities in the world(John K. Francis, 2007). World annual per capita consumption was equal to 1. 3 kg/person in 2011. America and Europe are the largest coffee consumers on per capita basis, accounting for 3. 9 and 3. 7 kg/person respectively, in comparison to Asian countries where the average constituted 0. kg/person (World Resources Institute, 2011). Nevertheless, the western coffee consumption habits are slowly starting to spread in Asia, especially in Uzbekistan, where coffee is considered as a fashionable hot drink rather than an everyday necessity. The consumption of both instant and insoluble coffeein Uzbekistan is limited to urban areas and is generally increasing alongside with the rising living standards (Euromonitor, 2011). Furthermore, the rising number of coffee shops and the popularity of coffee houses such as Cafe Jum, Julius Meinl, Book Cafe, KafeKafe and Coffee Clubare good indicators of the growing popularity of coffee.Literature Review Evidence from various studies identify that living standards are not the only determinant of coffee consumption behavior. Smoking, smoking cessation, alcohol, age, gender, level of physical activity and income also play a sufficient role in one’s consumption patterns. In their comprehensive research on coffee and associated lifestyle factors published in 2010 Hewlett and Wadsworth discovered a link between caffeinated drink consumption, smoking and alcohol. The findings revealed that those drinking coffee were more likely to be smokers aged between 30 and 70.Another review on coffee consumption behavior in Karnataka, India published in 2008 by Varun indicated a positive correlation between education, family size and income on coffee demand in urban areas, whereas in the rural areas, the price was the main determinant influencing consumption. The rationale for the linka ge of the determinants and coffee consumption is reviewedand discussed belowbased on a wide range of researches and surveys. The studies concerning coffee consumption behaviorwere obtained from EBSCO, JStor, Emerald and Google Scholar databases.Those researches included in the literature review are published in English, report coffee consumption behavior; show correlation with at least some of the lifestyle factors and provide a detailed review of the applied methodology and statistical analysis. Coffee and Smoking Seven studies concluded that higher cigarette consumption among persistent smokers is linked to highercoffee consumption. The investigation on coffee consumption patterns among army personnel byZavela et al. (1990) revealed a positive correlation between female cigarette and alcohol consumption and male cigarette and coffee consumption.Furthermore, the researchers identified that non-smokers tend to be abstemious to coffee and alcohol consumption. In contrast, Koksal et a l. (2011) in their pseudo-panel analysis of US household data came to the conclusion that that coffee consumption and consumption of cigarettes and alcohol are not correlated due to the statistical insignificance of the cross price elasticities of coffee. However,even though there is no serial complementary relation in the observed population, the authors do not exclude the possibility that coffee and cigarettes are complements for some individuals. Studies by Salazar et al. and Garcia et al. hat analyzed the responses from about 120’000 participants both, stated that more than 50% of female smokers drank at least 6 cups of coffeeper day, whereas only 30% of smoking men consumed at least 6 cups of coffee on a daily basis. Digging even further into the research of the relation of smoking and coffee, Klesges et al. conducted a large epidemiologic study with more than 7500 respondents. The researchers labeled those consuming from one to four cigarettes per day as light smokers, those smoking from five to twenty cigarettes as moderate smokers and those smoking at least twenty one cigarettes per day as heavy smokers.Further analysis revealed that light and moderate smokers where 2. 34 and 2. 84 times more likely to drink coffee than non-smokers, whereas heavy smokers where 4. 23 times more likely to be coffee consumers. The comparison of the student sample with the general public sample by Brice et al. illustrated that smokers in both samples were likely to drink more coffee in comparison to non-smokers. In the student sample (121 respondent) smokers on average consumed 76 mg more caffeine than their fellow non-smokers. In the general public sample (122 respondent) smokers consumed 92 mg more than non-smokers.The majority of the academic papers revealed a positive correlation between smoking and coffee consumption (except the Koksal et al. study). However, some of the mentioned above studies might be a subject to bias as most of the respondents were asked to self-report coffee consumption and smoking habits. Furthermore, studies by Zavela et al. and Brice et al. had small samples that did not completely represent the whole population and may therefore also be addressed as biased at some point. Nevertheless, despite the presented results, none of the researches, except for Benowitz et al. 2003) addressed the actual reason for the coffee/smoking relation. According to the researchers smokers prefer coffee due to the fact that smoking increases caffeine metabolism and coffee contains the highest its highest dose among all other beverages. In order to confirm the positive correlation between the amount of cigarettes smoked and coffee consumed it is important to research the reverse side of the relation. Do those people that quit smoking consume less coffee? Coffee and Smoking cessation Several studies review the relation between smoking cessation and coffee consumption andall of them reveal a positive correlation.A cross-sectional study by Fernandez et al. described a total sample of 2621 respondents and found that lower coffee consumption was associated with quitting smoking. However, the results might be effect-modified as the health reasons for quitting where not taken into consideration during data collection. The research on smoking relapse conducted by Krall et al. revealed that people who quit smoking but where drinking at least 6 cups of coffee daily where 2. 33 times more likely to start smoking again. A similar study of 116 men by Kauffman et al. eviewed that those who don’t drink a lot of coffee where 12 times more likely to quit smoking successfully. Furthermore, education and age where identified as the factors positively affecting smoking cessation and where adjusted in order to make the effect of coffee consumption clearer. Coffee and alcohol Correlations between coffee consumption and alcohol consumption are mostly explained by ones attitude towards health. Therefore, usually alcohol drinkers a re less concerned by their health and on average consume more coffee than non-drinkers.Researches by Talcott et al. and Stevenson et al. prove this statement as according to their findings, alcohol drinkers were 1. 52 times more likely to drink coffee. Schwarz et al. investigated even further and researched the relation between different alcohol drinks with coffee and tea consumption in a sample of 2400 respondents aged from twenty five to sixty four. The findings of the authors revealed that among beer, wine and other beverages only wine had a positive correlation with coffee consumption. Again the above studies have some limitations as some of them o not reveal the health conditions of the respondents. As mentioned above health is a serious determinant that can affect both alcohol intake and coffee consumption. Furthermore, self-administered means of collecting information were used. Therefore, the collected data might be prone to bias. Coffee and physical activity The majority of the reviewed surveys associated high coffee consumption with low physical activity. According to the research by Hewlett et al. less coffee consumption was associated with being younger and a less than healthy lifestyle. Thune et al. onducted a survey with more than 10000 respondents that indicated that both males and females with sedentary jobs consumed more coffee than those that were physically more active. Therefore, coffee consumption may be associated with less leisure time activities and a sedentary job. It is important to mention the work of Mosdol et al. that researched how the changes in coffee consumption affected ones physical activity. The respondents were placed in three groups by coffee consumption. The first group didn’t drink coffee at all, the second consumed 1 to 3 cups per day and the third group drank at least 4 cups.Furthermore, 3 physical activity level groups were established. The results revealed that those participants that increased the amount of c ups consumed per day were less likely to do physical exercise. Therefore, the higher is the coffee intake, the less physically active an individual is. From the methodological point of view, the limitations of the mentioned above surveys where again connected to the fact that mostly the participants were asked to self-report their levels of physical activity and coffee consumption. Furthermore, the studies researched the relation between the two variables at a single point of time.All of the limitations combined make it hard to identify the real connection between coffee consumption and physical activity. Coffee and Income It is evident that the relation between coffee consumption and income varies from region to region. Therefore, coffee consumption in some states comprises a significantly lower proportion of total consumption in comparison with other countries. Hewlett et al. (1990) identified that the income elasticity is positive and less than one for all of the goods investigat ed (coffee, tea, alcohol). Interestingly, the study by Varun et al. evealed that urban households purchase a larger amount of coffee and tea in contrast to rural households. Furthermore, total family income plays a more significant role in consumer decisions in urban areas, whereas family size was the major factor in rural areas. Conclusion Based on the reviewed literature most important coffee consumption determinants were identified. Therefore, a significant correlation between smoking and coffee consumption was found. Additional research revealed that smokers on average consume more than non-smokers and those who quit smoking.Furthermore, the probability of smoking relapse was higher for those ex-smokers that consumed a higher amount of caffeine. The biological relation between coffee metabolism and smoking was recognized as one of the factors to explain the correlation. Coffee consumption and alcohol intake were linked to an individual’s personal healthcare choices. There fore, high consumption of alcohol was correlated with an unhealthy lifestyle and consequently, with a higher consumption of coffee. Unhealthy lifestyle was also proved to be the factor relating coffee intake with lower physical activity.Income and coffee consumption were proven to change from region to region, with people in urban areas with higher incomes drinking more coffee in comparison with the people in rural areas. Most importantly, a research gap was found. As can be seen from the above review, none of the researchers investigated coffee consumption patterns in Uzbekistan and almost none of them investigated university student’s coffee consumption behavior. Therefore, it is important to fulfill this gap and conduct a survey of coffee consumption patterns among students in Uzbekistan.However, due to the scarcity of resources this research will focus on the coffee consumption determinants in Westminster International University in Tashkent (WIUT). Research question What are the main coffee consumption determinants for the students of the Westminster International University in Tashkent? Research objectives * To identify the main factors affecting coffee consumption behavior of WIUT students * To discover whether the findings about the positive relation between smoking and coffee consumption are applicable to WIUT tudents * To interpret the discovered relations between key determinants and coffee consumption Methodology Research approach and design During the research a quantitative approach was implemented. Given (2008) describes a quantitative research as an empirical investigation of a social phenomenon by the use of statistical, mathematical or computational techniques. Usually a quantitative approach is applied when it is necessary to statistically describe and test relations between certain variables and examine cause effect relations.A descriptive (correlational) survey was used to collect primary data to describe the population. The descrip tive survey interprets the relationships among a set of variables to develop trends and patterns in the data. Variables in this kind of a survey are not manipulated and are studied as they occur. The survey obtains data from a population sample by means of self-report, when participants respond to a number of questions identified by the researcher. In the current research, information was gathered by the use of self-administered questionnaires distributed online and individually for each participant.A descriptive quantitative approach was applied because it helps to identify the causes of the interrelations in the variables. The main advantage of the employed approach is precision that is achieved through reliable quantitative measurement, when the collected data is not manipulated. However, there are some limitations due to the objectivity of self-reports, as respondents may provide the researcher with unauthentic information that is not accurate. Research settingThe study was cond ucted at the Westminster International University in Tashkent that is located in the highly dense urban area in the center of the capital of Uzbekistan. Approximately 1700 students and 90 teachers attend the university. The majority of the students are locals aged from 17 to 25, most of which are a registered in the Facebook social network. Study population and sample A population is a set of all the elements that come within the study sample criteria. The sampling frame consisted of young adults aged 17 to 23 that are full-time bachelor’s degree students who study on levels 3, 4, 5 or 6 of the university.Master’s degree students and teachers were not included in the frame as they represent an older age group that does not fit into the aim of the research to study consumption patterns among students. Due to the lack of time, resources and the impossibility of implementation, the census approach, when data is collected from everyone in the population,was excluded from t he research. Instead, the simple random sampling approach was applied. Under this approach the sample is collected by randomly choosing the respondents from the sampling frame.The simple random sampling approach was used because the research sample size was equal to 300, the sample frame was easily accessible via the computer database, and interactions with the respondents were not an issue. The sample size decisions were based on a 95% confidence level that the data represents the characteristics of the whole population and the 3-5% acceptable margin of error that expresses the amount of random sampling error in the results. According to the optimal sample size calculations and the table adapted from Saunders et al. (2003, p. 56) and assuming a 100% response rate the optimal sample size was identified to be equal to 300. The collected sample was compared with the student statistics from the university and was provento represent the characteristics of the university population. Data Collection Data collection instrument A self-administered questionnaire was chosen as the data collection instrument for the research. A typical questionnaire is usually a mean of collecting primary data and consists of a series of questions that are aimed at gathering information from the respondents.The decision to apply questionnaires as a data gathering tool was made largely due to the following factors: * High response rates as the questionnaires were distributed online via social networks and distributed to the respondents to complete and were consequently collected personally by the researcher * Less time and resources to administer, as all of the online replies where automatically monitored and both online and manual responses wereprocessed by computer software * Anonymity, as the respondents personal identification details (e. g. ame, student ID, etc) were not required * Less prone to bias as they were presented in a consistent manner * Most of the questions were closed, w hich made further statistical analysis easier However, the main disadvantage from the self-administered questionnaire is that it might not reflect the true state of the respondent and valuable information might be lost as the answers are usually brief. The questionnaire was conducted in English and consisted of two sections. Section 1 was aimed at getting demographic data such as age, gender, education years, religion, etc.Section 2 mostly consisted of closed questions and was aimed at determining ones coffee consumption habits and related information. The examples of the questionnaire with instructions on how to complete it areprovided in Appendix 1. Data collection procedure The questionnaires were distributed in two ways: * Via social networks such as Facebook and Odnoklassniki * Personally to respondents at the university In order to avoid resemblance in the online and manual responses, the sample was divided into two groups by study level.Therefore, the first group, consisting of level 5 and level 6 students was questioned online, whereas the level 3 and 4 students were asked to fill manual questionnaires. The data was collected in a one month period. Reliability and validity Reliability Reliability is a measure of consistency with which an instrument, in the case of the current research a questionnaire measures the attributes it was designed to measure. Therefore, a questionnaire may be assumed to be reliable if it will give the same results when applied to the same group of people.The questionnaire was firstly pretested on a group of 50 people that answered the questionnaire twice in different environments, the results revealed consistency in responses. The two sets of responses can were compared statistically using weighted Kappa  for categorical data and Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient for continuous data. However, it is important to minimize measurement errors related to reliability. Hence, data collector bias was reduced by allocati ng two researchers to be the only ones to manage the questionnaire.The environment where data was gathered was made comfortable by ensuring silence, privacy and confidentiality for the respondents. Validity In contrast to reliability validity is a measure of how a questionnaire is employed and refers the extent to which the questionnaire represents studied variables. In order to ensure validity, the questionnaire was based on the review of literature. In addition, all questionnaires distributed manually were delivered by the appointed administering researchers.Furthermore, the questions were formulated in a simple language to assure clarity, guidelines were provided in order to ensure the ease of understanding the questions. The manual questionnaires were completed in the presence of the researchers to make sure that the questionnaires were not filled by third parties. However, it was hard to administer this aspect of the online questionnaire as the researchers were unable to monito r the process of filling. Ethical considerations In order to protect the human rights of the respondents, ethical aspects of the research were taken into consideration.Therefore, before handling in the questionnaire the researchers informed the participants about the aims of the study. Anonymity and confidentiality were maintained, as the personal information of the respondents was not disclosed, and the collected information was kept confidential. Self-determination was sustained by providing the respondents with a choice on whether to participate in the research or not. Scientific honesty, being an important ethical part of the research was also maintained as the researchers and analysts did not manipulate, change or alter the collected data.Conclusion The research implemented a descriptive, quantitative approach. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from 300 respondents on the territory of the Westminster International University in Tashkent. The sample included young adults aged 17 to 23 studying on the levels 3,4,5 and 6 of the university. Reliability, validity and ethical considerations were taken into account while administering the research. Data Descriptive statistics and results are shown in Figure 1. Variable| Observations| Mean| Std. Dev. | Min| Max| | | | | | | ID| 297| 149| 85. 8073| 1| 297| age| 297| 20. 60269| 3. 388732| 16| 40| gender| 297| . 5454545| . 49877| 0| 1| marital| 297| . 0909091| . 287965| 0| 1| ethnicity| 297| . 8855219| . 3189284| 0| 1| | | | | | | religion| 296| . 9054054| . 2931498| 0| 1| city| 296| . 7668919| . 4235265| 0| 1| educyears| 296| 13. 93581| 2. 639838| 4| 45| Montly Income| 195| 575451. 3| 1027561| 0| 1. 00e+07| Work| 294| . 452381| . 4985759| 0| 1| | | | | | | Smoke| 297| . 2255892| . 4186752| 0| 1| Sport| 296| . 7466216| . 4356823| 0| 1| Drinking Coffee| 297| . 8114478| . 3918127| 0| 1| Coffee consumption| 283| 27. 9929| 34. 79035| 0| 225| Price Coffee| 266| 3449. 286| 4854. 957| 0| 18000 | | | | | | | Weather| 296| . 5067568| . 500801| 0| 1| Morning| 296| . 5236486| . 5002862| 0| 1| Food| 296| . 5101351| . 5007438| 0| 1| Winter| 294| . 5816327| . 4941322| 0| 1| Company| 296| . 5236486| . 5002862| 0| 1| | | | | | | ln Income| 131| 13. 26666| . 8222373| 11. 51293| 16. 1181| LN Coffee| 259| 2. 844612| 1. 142757| 0| 5. 416101| LN Price| 242| 7. 805468| . 9738078| 2. 302585| 11. 0021| Figure 1 The sample collected was used with the help of the STATA statistical and econometrical tool.Qualitative data representing dummy variables as religion, ethnicity, employment status, smoking habits, sport, marital status and all other vectors of dummy variables were transformed to quantitative data. The list of dummy variables and their quantitative meaning is represented in Figure 2. Variable| Observations| Represented as 1| Represented as 0|   |   |   |   | gender| 297| Male| Female| marital| 297| Married| Single/Widow| ethnicity| 297| Asian| Other| |   |   |   | reli gion| 296| Muslim| Other| city| 296| Tashkent| Other| Work| 294| Employed| Unemployed| |   |   |   | Smoke| 297| Smoker| Non-smoker|Sport| 296| Sport| Non-sport| Drinking Coffee| 297| Coffee Drinker| Non-coffee drinker|   |   |   |   | Weather| 296| Weather Influence| Weather doesn't influence| Morning| 296| Morning hours preffered| No preference over time| Food| 296| Coffee consumed with food| No preference regarding food| Winter| 294| Winter time preffered| No preferene over time|   |   |   |   | Figure 2 As descriptive statistics show, the sample number was decreased to 297 due to the exclusion of some answers with irrelevant and unreal results, i. e. , those surveys that were spoiled by giving extraordinary high levels of coffee consumption or income.Mean income of a WIUT students was estimated to be 575’451 UZS with the standard deviation of 1’072’000 UZS to both sides. Again, such a big dispersion indicates low reliability of the data that will be discussed further. The composition of the sample regarding gender, as well as with respect to age grouping and ethnicity is shown in Figures 3 to 8. Figure 4. Employment Status Figure 4. Employment Status Figure 3. Gender Distribution Figure 3. Gender Distribution Figure 6. Religion Figure 6. Religion Figure 5. Smoking habits Figure 5. Smoking habits Figure 8. Age distribution Figure 8. Age distribution Figure 7. Active Lifestyle Figure 7.Active Lifestyle Estimation and Results Estimations were found using the method of weighted least squares and finding corresponding coefficients for respective variables. In order to avoid the problem of heteroscedascity, robust method of weighted least squares instead ordinary least squares method was applied. Nevertheless, in order to show the difference between ordinary least squares and weighted least squares methods both models were used in the results section. In Regression 1 Ordinary Least Squares Method was employed, while Reg ression 2 used the Weighted Least Squares Robust method to avoid the problem of heteroscedascity.Furthermore, due to the existence of zero-expenditures problem in some cases and not giving accurate information regarding income of students all income information was respectively changed to logarithmic scale. Moreover, since coffee consumption is discrete, it was also changed to logarithmic scale in order to avoid zero expenditure problems during estimation. Therefore, the final model of weighted least squares model can be shown by the following function. lncoffee= ? +? logincome+jik+? where k is the j number of dummy variables such as city, ethnicity, education, gender, employment status, smokers and other variables described before.As it was said usage of the logarithmic scale helps to avoid the issues associated with zero expenditure. Results. The following table shows estimates for both models using Weighted Least Squares and Ordinary Least Squares (Robust) methods. The difference between two model is not cardinal. The most obvious difference is in the estimations of standard error, since usage of the robust method gives smaller standard errors. Results found a vivid relationship between active lifestyle (sport) and drinking coffee. People who do sports tend to consume less coffee than those leading a less active lifestyle.Furthermore, estimations revealed an interesting correlation for those individuals that are single. In this case, as it was said earlier dummy variable 1 represents a married person. Negative coefficient for marital status indicates that on average married people consume less coffee than singles or widows. In this case the reference group was singles and both coefficients were significant at 99% confidence level, rejecting null hypothesis that marital status and sport activities do not relate to coffee consumption among students of WIUT. | Regression 1| Regression 2| | coef| se| coef| se|Age| 0,039| 0,027| 0,039*| 0,022| Gender(1/0)| -0,10 2| 0,205| -0,102| 0,218| Marital status (1/0)| -0,894***| 0,319| -0,894***| 0,269| Ethnicity| 0,163| 0,294| 0,163| 0,252| Religion| 0,117| 0,336| 0,117| 0,253| City where you were born:| -0,263| 0,219| -0,263| 0,209| Education years (school+ lyceum +university):| -0,007| 0,042| -0,007| 0,047| Do you have a part-time or full-time work? | 0,263| 0,190| 0,263| 0,224| Do you smoke? | 0,158| 0,244| 0,158| 0,238| Do you do sport? | -0,611***| 0,207| -0,611***| 0,198| Does weather influence your decision to drink coffee? 0,170| 0,186| 0,170| 0,203| Do you prefer to drink coffee in morning hours (7:00 to 11:00) or in any other t| 0,159| 0,198| 0,159| 0,234| Do you usually drink coffee with food/snack? | 0,212| 0,175| 0,212| 0,180| Do you drink more coffee during winter or any other period? | -0,239| 0,207| -0,239| 0,234| logincome| 0,230*| 0,121| 0,230*| 0,122| _cons| -0,730| 1,539| -0,730| 1,551| Number of observations| 119| 119| Adjusted R2| 0,136| 0,136| note: *** p;0. 01, ** p;0. 05, * p;0. 1|   |   |   | With a smaller confidence level, the importance of income was proved.In this case, positive coefficient of logincome with respect to logcoffee indicates that increase in income tend to result in an increase in coffee consumption. Furthermore, application of logarithmic scale as it was mentioned earlier, helped to avoid zero-expenditure problems, however shrank the available size of the sample down from 297 to 119. This occurred due to the responses of the participants who didn’t give correct responses on the income questions. Interestingly enough, results for age were important at 90% confidence interval while applying the robust method of standard error calculation.All other dummy variables including weather, consumption of coffee with snack, employment status, city, religion are concluded to be insignificant. Conclusion and Recommendations As estimations have indicated some significant results were obtained particularly concerning the research prop osal in determination of coffee consumption behavior at WIUT. Mainly, the importance of income and marital status, with sedentary lifestyle proved that WIUT student’s coffee consumption pattern and addictions were quite similar to those revealed in the study by Zavela.The difference and usefulness of the results nevertheless might not be as good as it might have been in the case of a broader and better collected sample. First of all, collection of data not via survey, but corresponding actual spending on coffee and finding out total monthly expenditure would have been much more appropriate for the analysis. In that case, reliability of the data would be guaranteed and more precise results might be obtained. Also, quite limited and more or less similar population of WIUT population can’t be interpreted as proxy for any Uzbekistan university students, or even for Tashkent city students.In order for the sample to be more representative data from each university should be collected using not a self-administered survey, but more fundamental methods. However, considering high cost and the lack of time, sufficient data collection might be a hard problem. Bibliography ————————————————- Brice C. F. and Smith A. P. (2002). Factors associated with caffeine consumption. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 53, 55-64. Current Worldwide Annual Coffee Consumption per capita. (n. d. ). ChartsBin. com – Visualize your data. Retrieved March 11, 2013, from http://chartsbin. om/view/581 Fernandez E. , Vecchia C. L. , Avanzo B. D. , Braga C. , Negri E. and Franceschi S. (1997). Quitting smoking in Northern Italy: A cross-sectional analysis of 2621 subjects. European Journal of Epidemiology, 13, 267-273. Given, L. M. (2008). The Sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods. Los Angeles, Calif. : Sage Publications. — Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Hewlett, P. , & Wadsworth, E. (2013). Tea, coffee and associated lifestyle factors. British Food Journal,  114(3), 416-427. ————————————————- John K. Francis. â€Å"Coffeaarabica L. RUBIACEAE†.Factsheet of U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Retrieved 2007-07-27. ————————————————- Kauffman R. M. , Ferketich A. K. , Wee A. G. , Shultz J. M. , Kuun P. and Wewers M. E. (2008). Factors associated with smokeless tobacco cessation in an Appalachian population. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 821-830. ————————————————- Klesges R. C. , Ray J. W. and Klesges L. M. (1994). Caffeinated coffee and tea intake and its relationship to cigarette smoking: An analysis of the second national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES II).Journal of Substance Abuse, 6, 407-418. Koksal, A. , ;Wohlgenant, M. (2011). RATIONALLY ADDICTED TO CIGARETTES, ALCOHOL AND COFFEE? A PSEUDO PANEL APPROACH . Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, North Carolina State University  ,  1, 1-21. Krall E. A. , Garvey A. J. and Garcia R. I. (2002). Smoking relapse after 2 years of abstinence: findings from the VA normative aging study. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 4, 95-100. Krall E. A. , Garvey A. J. and Garcia R. I. (2002). Smoking relapse after 2 years of abstinence: findings from the VA normative aging study.Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 4, 95-100. ————————————————- Matter, S. (n. d. ). Coffee in Uzbekistan . Global Market Research and Analysis for Industries, Countries, and Consumers. Retrieved March 11, 2013, from http://www. euromonitor. com/coffee-in-uzbekistan/report Mosdol A. , Christenseen B. , Retterstol L. and Thelle D. S. (2002). Induced changes in the consumption of coffee alter ad libitum dietary intake and physical activity level. British Journal of Nutrition, 87, 261-266. Salazar-Martinez E. , Willett W. C. , Ascherio A. Manson J. E. , Leitzmann M. F. , Stampfer M. J. and Hu F. B. (2004). Coffee consumption and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Annals of Internal Medicine, 140, 1-8. Saunders, M. (2003). Research methods for business students. Harlow, England New York: Prentice Hall. Schwarz B. , Bischof H. P. and Kunze M. (1994). Coffee, Tea and Lifestyle. Preventive Medicine, 23, 377-384 Stevenson J. S. and Masters J. A. (2005). Predictors misuse and abuse in older women. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 37(4), 329-335. Talcott G. W. , Poston W. S. C. II and Haddock C. K . (1998).Co-occurrent use of cigarettes, alcohol, and caffeine in a retired military population. Military Medicine, 163, 133-138. Thune I. , Njolstad I. , Lochen M. L. and Forde O. H. (1998). Physical activity improves the metabolic risk profiles in men and women. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158, 1633-1640. ————————————————- VARUN, T. (2008). CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOUR OF COFFEE AND TEA IN KARNATAKA. Thesis submitted to the University of Agricultural Sciences,  1, 1-95. Appendix 1 Questionnaire instructions. For the researchers when introducing the survey to the respondents Dear Mr/Ms __________As a part of our coursework on Research Methods, we were assigned to conduct a research on coffee consumption among students in WIUT. As part of the research we composed a questionnaire in order to identify your coffee consumption patterns. The questionnaire is anonymous and confide ntial. No personal information is required. Could you please take your time and answer the questions 1 to 16? Instructions on how to complete the questionnaire The questionnaire is confidential. No name or ID is required. Please fill in the personal information box first. Pay attention to the guidelines in the brackets after the questions.In the education years line please fill in the years you spent at school, lyceum or university either combined or separately. Yes/No questions have an additional field for commentaries. Fill in the comments section only if you have any additional information to share. Coffee questionnaire The questionnaire is confidential. No name or ID is required. Please fill in the personal information box first. Pay attention to the guidelines in the brackets after the questions. In the education years line please fill in the years you spent at school, lyceum or university either combined or separately.Yes/No questions have an additional field for commentaries. Fill in the comments section only if you have any additional information to share. | Personal information: Age:| | Gender (Male/Female):| | Marital status (Married/Single):| | Ethnicity: | | Religion:| | City where you were born:| | Education years (school+ lyceum +university):| | Monthly income (in UZS):| | | Criteria| Yes/No| Comments| 1| Do you have a part-time or full-time work? | Yes No| | 2| Do you smoke? | Yes No| | 3| Do you do sport? | Yes No| | 4| Do you drink coffee? YesNo| | 5| How much coffee do you consume per month? (in cups)| | 6| How much do you usually pay for a cup of coffee? (UZS per cup)| | 7| How much are you willing to pay for a cup of coffee? (UZS per cup)| | 8| Does weather influence your decision to drink coffee? | Yes No| | 9| Do you prefer to drink coffee in morning hours (7:00 to 11:00) or in any other time? ( Yes for morning hours, No for any other)| Yes No| | 10| Other than coffee, which hot/cold beverages do you regularly purchase? | | 1 1| How much do you usually pay for a cup of tea? UZS per cup)| | 12| How much are you willing to pay for a cup of tea? (UZS per cup)| | 13| Do you usually drink coffee with food/snack? (Yes if you do, No if you don’t)| Yes No| | 14| Do you drink coffee during winter or any other period? (Yes for Winter, No for other)| Yes No| | 15| Do you usually drink coffee while you are with friends/company or alone? (Yes with friends/company, No alone)| Yes No| | 16| Do you prefer university coffee or any other coffee outside? ( Yes for university, No for outside)| Yes No| | Any other comments: | |

How Chaucer Examines Class and Social Status in The...

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